beside在并排一条线上；
by在并排一条线上；
next to在顺序上紧靠旁边；
near 靠得最远，不表明确方向或顺序。 Lets meet at the school gate.
The building beside the library is the shopping center.
The boy standing by my side is from Shanghai.
Whos sitting next to/beside Mr.Steve?
about， round， around. about表示周围是随意的，不规则的；round或around的周围则是较完整的一个圈。 Dont leave the toys about the meeting-room.
They are sitting round/around the table.
to， for， at to 运动的方向，目的地；
for 动身出发的目的地；
at 有意攻击的目标。 Throw it to me.
Hell leave for Shanghai.
He threw the ball at that boy.