模拟试题

3773考试网英语四六级模拟试题正文

2009年12月英语六级试卷模拟题及答案

来源:fjzsksw.com 2009-12-15 21:28:05

  
Directions: In this section you are required to writeacomposition on the topic Reduce Waste on Campus. You shouldwriteat least 150 words and base your composition on the outlinegivenin Chinese below。

1.目前有些校园内浪费现象严重;

2.浪费的危害;

3.从我做起,杜绝浪费。

Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15minutes)

Some Notes on Gender-Neutral Language

General

The practice of assigning masculine gender to neutral termscomesfrom the fact that every language reflects the prejudices ofthesociety in which it evolved, and English evolved through mostofits history in a male-centered, patriarchal society. Like anyotherlanguage, however, English is always changing. One only has toreadaloud sentences from the 19th century hooks assigned for thisclassto sense the shifts that have occurred in the last 150 years.Whenreaders pick up something to read, they expectdifferentconventions depending on the time in which the materialwaswritten. As writers in 1995, we need to be not only aware oftheconventions that our readers may expect, but also conscious oftheresponses our words may elicit. In addition, we need to knowhowthe shifting nature of language can make certain words awkwardormisleading。

Man

Man once was a truly generic word referring to all humans, buthasgradually narrowed in meaning to become a word that refers toadultmale human beings. Anglo-Saxons used the word to refer toallpeople. One example of this occurs when an Anglo-Saxonwriterrefers to a seventh-century English princess as a wonderfulman.Man lleled the Latin word homo, a mr of the human species.notvir, an adult male of the species. The Old English word foradultmale was waepman and the old English word for adult womanwaswifman. In the course of time, wifman evolved into thewordwoman. Man eventually ceased to be used to refer toindividualwomen and replaced waepman as a specific termdistinguishing anadult male from an adult female. But man continuedto be used ingeneralizations about both sexes。

By the 18th century, the modern, narrow sense of man wasfirmlyestablished as the predominant one. When Edmund Burke,writing ofthe French Revolution, used men in the old, inclusiveway, he tookpains to spell out his meaning: Such a deplorablehavoc is made inthe minds of men (both sexes) in France... ThomasJefferson didnot make the same distinction in declaring that allmen arecreated equal and governments are instituted among men,derivingtheir just powers from the consent of the governed. In atime whenwomen, having no vote, could neither give nor withholdconsent,Jefferson had to be using the word men in its principalsense ofmales, and it probably never occurred to him that anyonewouldthink otherwise. Looking at modern dictionaries indicate thatthedefinition that links man with males is the predominantone.Studies of college students and school children indicate thatevenwhen the broad definitions of msn and men are taught, theytendto conjure up images of male people only. We would never usethesentence A girl grows up to be a man, because we assumethenarrower definition of the word man。

The Pronoun Problem

The first grammars of modern English were written in the 16thand17th centuries. They were mainly intended to help boys fromupperclass families prepare for the study of Latin, a languagemostscholars considered superior to English. The male authors oftheseearliest English grammars wrote for male readers in an agewhen fewwomen were literate. The masculine-gender pronouns(代词) didnotreflect a belief that masculine pronouns could refer to bothsexes.The grammars of this period contain no indication thatmasculinepronouns were sex-inclusive when used in generalreferences.Instead these pronouns reflected the reality of maleculturaldominance and the male-centered world view thatresulted。

He started to be used as a generic pronoun by grammarianswhowere trying to change a long-established tradition of usingtheyas a singular pronoun. In 1850 an Act of Parliament gaveofficialsanction(批准)to the recently invented concept of thegeneric he.In the language used in acts of Parliament, the newlaw said,words importing the masculine gender shall be deemed andtaken toinclude females. Although similar language in contractsand otherlegal documents subsequently helped reinforce thisgrammaticaledict in all English-speaking countries, it was oftenconvenientlyignored. In 1879, for example, a move to admit femalephysicians tothe all-male Massachusetts Medical Society waseffectively blockedon the grounds that the societys by-lawsdescribing mrship usedthe pronoun he。

Just as man is not truly generic in the 1990s, he is notatrue generic pronoun. Studies have confirmed that mostpeopleunderstand he to refer to men only. Sentences like Adoctor is abusy person; he must be able to balance a millionobligations atonce imply that all doctors are men. As a result ofthe fact thathe is read by many as a masculine pronoun, manypeople,especially women, have come to feel that the genericpronounsexcludes women. This means that more and more people findthe useof such a pronoun problematic。

Solving the Pronoun Problem

They as a Singular -Most people, when writing andspeakinginformally, rely on singular they as a matter of course:If youlove someone, set them free (Sting). If you pay attentionto yourown speech, youll probably catch yourself using thesameconstruction yourself. Its enough to drive anyone out oftheirsenses (George Bernard Shaw). I shouldnt like to punishanyone,even ii theyd done me wrong (George Eliot). Some peopleareannoyed by the incorrect grammar that this solutionnecessitates,but this construction is used more and morefrequently。

He or SheDespite the charge of clumsiness,double-pronounconstructions have made a comeback: To be black inthis country issimply too pervasive an experience for any writer toomit from heror his work, wrote Samuel R. Delany. Overuse of thissolution canbe awkward, however。

Pluralizing-A writer can often recast material in the plural.Forinstance, instead of As he advances in his program, themedicalstudent has increasing opportunities for clinical work, tryAsthey advance in their program, medical students haveincreasingopportunities for clinical work

Eliminating Pronouns--Avoid having to use pronouns at all;insteadof a first grader can feed and dress himself, you couldwrite, afirst grader can eat find get dressed withoutassistance.

Further Alternatives--he she or s/he, using one instead of he,orusing a new generic pronoun (thon, co, E, try, hash, hit)。

1. Man could be used to refer to female human being inthepast。

2. In all men are created equal in Declaration ofIndependenceby Thomas Jefferson, the word men refer to both malesand femaleswhether they have vote right or not。

3. In 1879, Massachusetts Medical Society refused to admitmorethan ten female physicians because the societys by-lawsdescribingmrship used the pronoun he。

4. The first grammars of modern English were written in ordertohelp boys from the upper class prepare for the study ofLatin。

5. Man lleled the Latin word homo which means ______。

6. Studies show that even when students are taught thebroaddefinition of man and men, they think of ______。

7. Grammarians started to use he as a generic pronounbecausethey were trying to change a tradition of using theyas______。

8. When most people read the word he, they would understanditto rater to ______。

9. Although some people are annoyed by ______ of singularthey,this construction is used more and more frequently to solvethepronoun problem。

10. Another way of solving the pronoun problem is to use______instead of the singular。

Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)

Section A

Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you havejustheard。

11. A) The play was the first hed seen. B) The play wasnttoobad。

C) He hasnt seen the play yet. D) He wants to see theplayagain。

12. A) It will be finished on time,

B) It is only open during the day。

C) Something has happened to the building。

D) The workers are about to complete it。

13. A) He lost a button at work。

B) He doesnt know where he put the calculator。

C) He thinks he broke something the woman lent him。

D) Hes not sure how to solve the math problem。

14. A) The old houses should be turned into stores。

B) The city needs even more modern modernization。

C) This shopping center is quite old。

D) New shopping centers are very common。

15. A) Whether the woman knows how to type。

B) Why the woman is in a hurry。

C) How much typing the woman needs done。

D) Whether the woman has a typewriter。

16. A) He goes along with the womans suggestion。

B) He cant decide whether to go or not。

C) He will go to the concert alone。

D) He thinks the performance will be very good。

17. A) It involved a few lunches. B) There were free lunches。

C) There were three lunches, D) There are more thanfreelunches。

18. A) 13. B) 17. C) 30. D) 15.

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you havejustheard。

19. A) He has got a bad cold。

B) He has caught whooping cough。

C) He has a fever and a bad appetite。

D) He has been coughing for several days。

20. A) Because he is only a 3-year-old child。

B) Because others cough may be contagious to him。

C) Because he also has a fever。

D) Because he cries all the time。

21. A) Because he is too young to catch that。

B) Because he has not been exposed to that。

C) Because his sister hasnt caught that。

D) Because he has been immunized recently。

22. A) Give the child lot of fluid to drink。

B) Let him have a hot bath before bedtime。

C) Keep an eye on the cough. D) Send him to the clinic if he hasafever。

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you havejustheard。

23. A) Boss and employee. B) Teacher and student。

C) Interviewer and candidate. D) Colleagues。

24. A) A human resources manager. B) A computer programmer。

C) A graduate. D) A teacher。

25. A) Team spirit. B) Competition。

C) Coordination. D) Problem-solving。

Section B

Passage One

Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you havejustheard。

26. A) Your first impression on the interviewer。

B) Your job skill qualifications and background。

C) Your communication skills。

D) Your attitude。

27. A) To have an intimate talk with you。

B) To know you as a person。

C) To confirm your qualifications。

D) To know more about your family background。

28. A) The interview usually last about half an hour。

B) Your appearance and your communication skillscountapproximately the same during the interview。

C) You are requested to submit all your backgroundinformationduring the interview。

D) Employers compare your information with that ofotherapplicants before the interview。

Passage Two

Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you havejustheard。

29. A) Around 1930. B) Around 1940.

C) Around 1950. D) Around 1960.

30. A) There is not enough financial support fromthegovernment。

B) There are more retirees taking money out of the system, andnotenough additional workers to support them。

C) More and more people refuse to pay their income taxes。

D) The economic growth has been slowed down。

31. A) Fewer retirees will be entitled to receiveSocialSecurity。

B) Payroll taxes may be increased。

C) Younger Workers can save some of their payroll taxes inapersonal account。

D) Beneficiaries will receive less money from theSocialSecurity。

Passage Three

Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you havejustheard。

32. A) The strength of its shipbuilding industry。

B) The physical features of the river itself。

C) The abundance of fruit, vegetables, and livestock。

D) The similarity of climate to that in Europe。

33. A) There are no rapids or waterfalls。

B) There is a constant, strong wind。

C) Navigation is rather difficult。

D) Frequent storms cause problems for riverboats。

34. A) Big waves pose a threat to commercial navigation。

B) The river current never flows faster ten miles per hour。

C) The river reverses its flow several times a day。

D) High tides can create sudden and unexpected rapids。

35. A) To allow several sails to be rigged。

B) To add to the beauty of the basic design。

C) To catch winds coming from over the hills。

D) To allow the sails to be raised more quickly。

Section C

Today I would like to talk about the early days of movie makinginthe late nineteenth and early (36) centuries. Before the (37)filmsof D. W. Griffith, film makers were limited by several(38)questions of the era. According to one, the camera was alwaysfixedat a viewpoint (39) to that of the spectator in the theatre,aposition now known as the long shot. It was another conventionthatthe (40) of the camera never changed in the middle of a (41) .Inlast weeks films, we saw how Griffith ignored both theselimiting(42) and brought the camera closer to the actor。

This shot, now known as a full shot, was considered (43) atthetime. For Love of Gold, was the name of the film in which thefirstuse of the full shot. After progressing from a long shot tothefull shot, the next logical step for Griffith was to bring inthecamera still closer, in what is now called the close-up. (44) ,asfor example, in Edqaed Asports The Great Train Robbery, whichwasmade in 1903.

But not until 1908 in Griffiths movie (45) . In the scenefromAfter Many Years that we are about to see, pay specialattention tothe close-up of Annie Lees worried face as she awaitsherhusbands return. In 1908, this close-up shocked everyone intheBiogress Studio. But Griffith had no time for argument. Hehadanother surprise even more radical to offer. Immediatelyfollowingclose-up of Annie, he inserted a picture of the t ofherthought--her husband east sway on a desert aisle. (46) 。

Part Ⅳ Reading comprehension( Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)

Section A

Women who apply for jobs in middle or senior management haveahigher success rate than men, according to an employmentsurvey.But of course far fewer of them apply for these positions.Thestudy, by recruitment (征召新成员) consultants NB Selection, showsthatwhile one in six men who appear on interview shortlist getjobs,the figure rises to one in four for women。

Reasons for higher success rates among women are difficulttoisolate. One explanation suggested is that if a womancandidatemanages to get on a shortlist, then she has probablyalready provedherself to be an exceptional candidate. Dr. Marx saidthat whenwomen apply for positions they tend to be better qualifiedthantheir male counterparts but are more selective and conservativeintheir job search. Women tend to research thoroughly beforeapplyingfor positions or attending interviews. Men, on the otherhand, seemto rely on their ability to sell themselves and toconvinceemployers that any shortcomings they have will not preventthemfrom doing a good job。

Managerial and executive progress made by women is confirmedbythe annual survey of boards of directors carried out byKornInternational. This year the survey shows a doubling of thenumberof women serving as non-executive directors compared withtheprevious year. However, progress remains painfully slow andtherewere still only 18 posts filled by women out of a total of354non-executive positions surveyed。

In Europe a recent feature of corporate life in the recessionhasbeen the de-layering of management structures. Hilary Searssaidthat this has halted progress for women in as much asde-layeringhas taken place either where women are working or inlayers theyaspire to. Sears also noted a positive trend from therecession,which has been the growing number of women who havestarted up ontheir own。

In business as a whole, there are a number of factorsencouragingthe prospect of greater equality in the workforce.Demographictrends suggest that the number of women going intoemployment issteadily increasing. In addition a far greater numberof women arenow passing through higher education, making thembetter qualifiedto move into management positions. Organizationssuch as theEuropean Womens Management Development Network providea range ofopportunities for women to enhance their skills andcontacts。

However, Ariane Antal, director of the International InstituteforOrganization Change for Archamps in France, said that there isonlyanecdotal evidence of changes in recruitment patterns. And shesaid:Its still so hard for women to even get on to shortlists-thereare so many hurdles and barriers. She agreed that therehave beensome positive signs but said: Until there is a beliefamongemployers, until they value the difference, nothingwillchange.

47. From the passage, we can see that males applicants______female applicants for top posts。

48. Women are more ______ than men when they apply forpositionsor attending interviews。

49. What aspect of company structuring has disadvantaged womeningetting management positions?

50. According to Sears; the number of female-run businessis______。

51. Which group of people should change their attitudetorecruitment so as to have a greater equality in theworkforce?

Section B

Passage One

The radical transformation of the Soviet society had aprofoundimpact on womens lives. Marxists had traditionallybelieved thatboth capitalism and the middle-class husbandsexploited women. TheRussian Revolution of 1917 immediatelyproclaimed complete equalityof rights for women. In the 1920sdivorce and abortion were madeeasily available, and women wereurged to work outside the home andliberate themselves sexually.After Stalin came to power, sexualand familial liberation wasplayed down, and the most lastingchanges for women involved workand education。

These changes were truly revolutionary. Young womenwereconstantly told that they had to be equal to men, that theycouldand should do everything men could do. Peasant women in Russiahadlong experienced the equality of backbreaking physical labor inthecountryside, and they continued to enjoy that equalityoncollective farms. With the advent of the five-year-plans,millionsof women also began to toil in factories and in heavyconstruction,building dams, roads and steel mills in summer heatand winterfrost. Most of the opportunities open to men througheducation werealso open to women. Determined women pursued theirstudies andentered the ranks of the better-paid specialists inindustry andscience. Medicine practically became a womansprofession. By 1950,75 percent of doctors in the Soviet Union werewomen。

Thus Stalinist society gave woman great opportunities butdemandedgreat sacrifices as well. The vast majority of womensimply had towork outside the home. Wages were so law that it wasalmostimpossible for a family or couple to live only on thehusbandsearnings. Moreover, the fun-time working woman had aheavy burden ofhousehold tasks in her off hours, for most Sovietmen in the 1930sstill considered the home and the children thewomansresponsibility. Men continued to monopolize the best jobs.Finally,rapid change and economic hardship led to many brokenfamilies,creating further physical, emotional, and mental strainsfor women.In any event, the often-neglected human resource ofwomen wasmobilized in Stalinist society。

52. The main idea of this passage is that women inStalinistsociety ______。

A) had economic opportunities that had never beenavailablebefore

B) had difficulty balancing their work andfamilyresponsibilities

C) had new opportunities but also many hardships

D) moved quickly into the highest levels of government

53. In the last graph, monopolize probably means ______。

A) hold B) earn C) leave D) pay

54. The authors main purpose in writing this passage isto______。

A) compare different systems of government

B) tell stories about women in Soviet Union

C) amuse the reader

D) provide information

55. The authors tone in this passage can best be describedas______。

A) disapproving B) emotional

C) tive D) sympathetic

56. We can conclude that the economic and social status ofwomenin Stalinist society ______。

A) had been improved

B) was worse than before

C) had not Changed much

D) was better than that in capitalistic countries

Passage Two

The General Electric Company, often criticized for thecomplexityof its structure and the resulting opacity of itsnumbers, saidyesterday that it would break GE Capital, by far itslargestbusiness, into four businesses. The reorganizationeffectivelyeliminates the job of Denis J. Nayden, 48, the chairmanof GECapital. Each of the new units will have its own chief, whoWillreport directly to Jeffrey R. Immelt, G. E.s chairman. Thereasonfor doing this is simple. I want more direct contact withthefinancial services teams, Mr. Immelt said。

The new businesses are GE Commercial Finance, GE Insurance,SEConsumer Finance and GE Equipment Management. Some supportnswithin GE Capital, including risk management and treasury, willnowreport to Dennis Dammerman, 57, a G. E. vice chairman whoprecededMr. Nayden as GE Capitals chlef. Mr, Nayden will remain atG. E.as an adviser for now, but is expected to leave shortly tostart afinancial services firm。

Mr. Dammerman insisted that the reorganization had nothing todowith the increasing clamor from investors, regulators and thenewsmedia for greater transparency in accounting and forchiefexecutives to take more responsibility for businesses:Analystsseem to believe him. This is just what it appears to be,amanagerial, reorganization which gives leaders more directaccessto the office of the chairman, said Martin A. Sankey, a G.E.analyst。

The executives leading the new units will also sit on G.. E.scorporate executive council, a committee made up of thecompanystop 25 executives, which meets periodically and discussesvariousstrategic and management issues。

GE Capital, the companys largest nit, provided $55 billion ofG.E. s $124 billion in revenue last year and $ 5.6 billion ofits$19.7 billion in pretax profits. The rest of G. E. had beendividedinto 11 other businesses, many of them--lighting andappliances areexamples-much smaller than the new GE Capital units,yet each runby someone who reports directly to the chairman. Mr.Dammermn saidthat Mr. Immelt began talking about breaking GECapital into moremanageable pieces as soon as he took over as chiefexecutive lastSeptr. Jeff didnt like the extra layer between himand the GECapital businesses,

G. E. has tried to make GE Capital less mysterious to theoutsideworld. Although GE Capital was officially one unit, it hadbegun toreport quarterly results in live product-relatedsegments--a numberthat will be reduced to four with the neworganization. And analystssay GE Capitals management has beenmore accessible than it was inpast years, and that Mr. Immelt andother G. E. corporate executiveshave been willing to discuss GECapital in more depth。

57. After the reorganization, GE will have altogether ______。

A) six businesses B) sixteen businesses

C) four businesses . D) fifteen businesses

58. Which of the following statements is NOT true ofDennisDammerman?

A) He is now a GEs vice chairman。

B) He is expected to leave GE to start a new financialservicesfirm。

C) He was once the chairman of GE Capital。

D) He regards the reorganization of GE as an initiative ofitsown。

59. All the following statements are False of Denis NaydenEXCEPTthat ______。

A) the reorganization makes him lose his position asachairman

B) he will remain for some time at GE as an analyst

C) he is currently GEs chairman

D) he is expected to start a new GE financial firm in thenearfuture

60. The reorganization will enable GEs chief executiveto______。

A) quiet down the unrest in the world

B) work in a more friendly business environment

C) have more direct contact with GEs financial servicesteams

D) appear less mysterious to the outside world

61. The General Electric Capital ______。

A) is divided into five product-related segments now

B) provided more than 1/3 of GEs revenue last year

C) is going to be broken into more businesses

D) now has smaller units than all other businesses in GE

Part Ⅴ Cloze (15 minutes)

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. Foreachblank there are four choices marked A), B) ,C) and D) on therightside of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fitsinto thepassage. Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with asingle line through the center。

We all know that a magician does not really depend on magictoperform his trick. (62) on his ability to act at great speed.(63), this does not prevent us from enjoying watching a magician(64)rabbits from a hat. (65) the greatest magician of all timewasHarry Houdini who died in 1926. Houdini mastered the art of (66).He could free himself from the tightest knots or themostcomplicated locks in seconds. (67) no one really knows (68) hedidthis, there is no doubt (69) he had made a close study ofeverytype of lock ever (70) . He liked to carry a smallsteelneedle-like tool strapped to his leg and he used this in (71)of akey. Houdini once asked the Chicago police to lock him inprison.They (72) him in chains and locked him up, but he freedhimself(73) an instant. The police (74) him of having used a toolandlocked him up again. This time he wore no clothes and therewerechains around his neck, waist, wrists, and legs; but heagainescaped in a few minutes. Houdini had probably hidden hisneedlein a waxlike (75) and dropped it on the floor in thepassage. (76)he went past, he stepped on it so that it stuck to thebottom ofhis foot. His most famous escape, however, was (77)astonishing. Hewas heavily chained (78) and enclosed in an emptywooden chest, thelid of (79) was nailed down. The (80) was droppedinto the sea inNew York harbor. In one minute Houdini had swum tothe surface.When the chest was (81) . it was opened and the chainswas foundinside。

62. A) but B) then C) and D) however

63. A) Generally B) However C) Possibly D) Likewise

64. A) to produce B) who produces C) produce D) how toproduce

65. A) Out of question B) Though C) Probably D) Undoubted

66. A) escaping B) locking C) opening D) dropping

67. A) Surprisingly B) Obviously C) Perhaps D) Although

68. A) when B) where C) how D) what

69. A) if B) whether C) as to D) that

70. A) invented B) invent C) being invented D) inventing

71. A) use B) place C) view D) absence

72. A) involved B) closed C) connected D) bound

73. A) at B) by C) in D) for

74. A) rid B) charged C) accused D) deprived

75. A) candle B) mud C) something D) substance

76. A) As B) Usually C) Maybe D) Then

77. A) overall B) all but C) no longer D) altogether

78. A) up B) down C) around D) in

79. A) it B) which C) that D) him

80. A) chest B) body C) lid D) chain

81. A) brought up B) sunk C) broken apart D) snapped

Part Ⅵ Translation (5 minutes)

82. It is well-known that_________________________(退休工人有资格享受免费的医疗)。

83. Because his health is getting worse,_________________________(他不得不克制自己以免饮酒过度)。

84. Mike has never done anything againstlaw,_________________________ (即使像打碎邻居家的窗户这样的小过错也都没有犯过)。

85. The truth in question is that success in life dependschieflyon sustained efforts_________________________(这种努力来源于对所选职业的一种深厚的兴趣)。

86. But ability and patience do not account for allscientificdiscoveries which _________________________(常常与创造性的想象力紧密相关)。

参考答案(2)

Part I Sample Writing

Reduce Waste on Campus

As is known to all, waste on campus has become a more andmoreserious problem. We can easily see many students dump a lot offoodin the garbage can. Some students spend thousands of yuanbuyingfashionable clothes and so on。

The negative effects of waste can be shown in thefollowingaspects. In the first place, it makes some studentsdependent ontheir parents for money, which is harmful to theirdevelopment. Ifthey dont learn to support themselves, they will beuselesspeople when they graduate. In the second place, it is noteasy forour parents to arrange for our schooling. Last but not theleastimportant, there is no denying the fact that our country isstillpoor. There are many people who cannot go to university andmanypoor people still need our help。

As far as I am concerned, I should set a good example toreducewaste on campus. First of all, I will refrain fromwastinganything, from food to stationery. Whats more, Imdetermined tocall on more schoolmates to fight against waste. Onlythrough thesemeasures can we hope to reduce waste on campus。

Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

1. Y 2. N 3. NG 4. Y

5. a mr of the human species

6. male people only

7. a singular pronoun

8. men only

9. the incorrect grammar

10. the plural

Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension

Section A

11--15 BDCDC 16--20 ABBDB 21--25 DDCBA

Section B

26--30 DBCAB 31--35 CBACC

Section C

36. twentieth 37. pioneering 38, misguided 39. corresponding

40. position 41. scene 42. conventions 43. revolutionary

44. The close-up had been used before though only rarelyandmerely as a visual stunt

45. called After Many Years was the dramatic potential oftheclose-up exploited

46. This cutting from one scene to another withoutfinishingeither of them brought a torrent of criticism ontheexperiments

Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)

Section A

47. exceed/are more than

48. well-prepared/better qualified

49. De-layering。

50. increasing/on the increase

51. The employers. /Employers。

Section B

52--56 CADCA 57--61 DBACB

Part Ⅴ Cloze

62--66 ABCCA 67--71 DCDAB

72--76 DCCDA 77--81 DABAA

Part Ⅵ Translation

82. retired workers are entitled to free medical care

83. he has to restrain himself from drinking too excessively

84. even for such a minor offense as breaking a window ofhisneighbor

85. springing out of a deep interest in oneschosenoccupation

86.often have much to do with creative imagination

试题解答(2)

Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)

1.根据“‘Man’”部分第一段“Man once was a truly generic word referringtoall humans,but has gradually narrowed in meaning to become awordthat refers to adult male human beings. Anglo-Saxons used thewordto refer to all people. One example of this occurs when anAnglo-Saxon writer refers to a seventh-century English princessas‘awonderful man.’”可见,“man”这个词最初是泛指所有人的,到了17世纪还有作家把公主描述成“awonderfulman。”。故此句判断为YES。

2.由“‘Man’”部分第二段中的“By the 18th century,the modern,narrow senseofman was firmly established as the predominant one...Jeffersonhadto be using the word men in its principal sense of“males,”anditprobably never occurred to him that anyone wouldthinkotherwise。”可知到了18世纪“man”这个词已经狭义指男性了。接着作者举了两个例子。第二个例子是杰斐逊的《独立宣言》。由于当时女性没有选举权,杰斐逊所用的“man”是专指男性的。故此句判断为NO。

3.由“The Pronoun Problem”部分第二段最后一句“In 1879,for example,a movetoadmit female physicians to the all-male MassachusettsMedicalSociety was effectively blocked on the grounds that thesocietysby-laws describing mrship used thepronounhe。”可知拒绝女医生加入协会的原因是该协会的细则在描述其成员时用的是代词“he”。因此;原文只是说明了拒绝接纳女成员的原因,并没有提及多少人被拒之门外。故信息不充分。此句判断为NOTGIVEN。

4.根据“The Pronoun Problem”部分第一段第一、二句“The first grammars ofmodernEnglish were written in the 16th and 17th centuries.Theyweremainly,intended to help boys from upper class families prepareforthe study of Latin,a language most scholars considered superiortoEnglish。”可知现代英语的语法最初写于16、17世纪,是为了上流社会家庭的男孩于学习拉丁语而写的。故此句判断为YES。

5.由“‘Man’”部分第一段第三句“Man lleled the Latin word homo,‘a mr ofthehuman species,’not vir,‘an adult male of thespecies.’”。可知此题正确答案为“amr of the human species”。

6.由“‘Man’”部分第二段倒数第二句“Studies of college students andschoolchildren indicate that even when the broaddefinitionsof‘man’and‘men’are taught, they tend to conjure upimages of malepeopleonly。”可见即使教学生了解了这两个词的广义含义是指泛指人,他们仍然还是只想到男性。故本题正确答案为“malepeopleonly。”

7.由“The Pronoun Problem”部分第二段第一句“‘He’started to be used asageneric pronoun by grammarians who were trying to changealong-established tradition of using ‘they’as asingularpronoun。”可知语法学家用“he”来作泛指代词是试图改变用“they”来作单数代词的传统。故此题正确答案为“asingularpronoun”。

8.由“The Pronoun Problem”部分第三段第二句“Studies have confirmed thatmostpeople understand‘he’to refer tomenonly。”可见人们看到代词“he”想到的只是男性。故此题答案为“men only”。

9.由“Solving the Pronoun Problem”部分第一段中的“Most people,whenwritingand speaking informally,rely on singular they as a matterofcourse...Some people are annoyed by the incorrect grammar thatthissolution necessitates,but this construction is used more andmorefrequently。”可见人们经常把“they”用作单数代词来解决代词的性别歧视问题。尽管有人认为这种用法不合语法,但它的使用频率越来越高。故本题的正确答案是“theincorrectgrammar”。

10.由“Solving the Pronoun Problem”部分第三段中的“Pluralizing—A writercanoften recast material in the plural.For Instance,instead of‘Asheadvances in his program,the medical student hasincreasingopportunities for clinical work,’try‘As they advance intheirprogram,medical students have increasing opportunities forclinicalwork.’”可见避免代词的性别歧视的另一个方法是用复数替代单数。故此句正确答案为“the plural”。

Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension(听力原文在光盘中)

Tape t of Listening Comprehension

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 shortconversationsand 2 long conversations. At the end of eachconversation, one ormore questions will be asked about what wassaid. Both theconversation and the questions will be spoken onlyonce. After eachquestion there will be a pause. During the pause,you must read thefour choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decidewhich is the bestanswer. Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2 with asingle line through the center。

11. W: How do you like the play?

M: Oh, Ive seen worse。

Q: What does the man mean?

12. M: Whats happening with the new library building?

W: The work crew is just finishing it up。

Q: What does the woman say about the library?

13. M: Im not quite sure how to use this calculator you lentme.I dropped it, and now the on-button doesnt light up。

W: Oh, thats okay, it hasnt been working right for sometimenow。

Q: What was the mans problem?

14. M: The city is going to tear down those old houses and putupa new shopping center。

W: Another shopping center, thats nothing new。

Q: What does the woman mean?

15. W: Do you know anyone who would do some typing onshortnotice?

M: How big is the job?

Q: What does the man want to know?

16. W: I suggest we go to the concerts for the weekend。

M: Whatever you decide is fine with me。

Q: What does the man mean?

17. W: I am sorry I am having trouble reading my notes. Didyousay three lunches in that first graph?

M: No. I said free lunches, the children don’t have to payforthem. And there are many lunches involved, you know, a lotmorethan three。

Q. What did the man say about the lunches?

18. W: If Tom and Marry don’t come to the party, I’ll have13.

M: Let’s invite two more just in case。

Q: If everyone comes, how many will be at the party?

Now you’ll hear two long conversations。

Conversation One

M: Hello, how can I help you?

W: My son isnt feeling well and Id like to get some advice。

M: What seems to be the problem?

W: Well, he has been coughing for several days now. Imwonderingif he should come in and see the doctor。

M: How old is he?

W: He is 3 years old。

M: Does he have any other symptoms like fever, runny nose, orlossof appetite?

W: No, actually other than the cough, he seems healthy. Iamconcerned though, because some of his sisters friendshavewhooping cough and I know that it can be very contagious.Isntthat a pretty serious illness?

M: It can be serious with babies. Has your son beenimmunizedagainst whooping cough?

W: Im not sure. He did get all of the suggested vaccinations.Iwill look it up in our records。

M: If he has been immunized recently, it is very unlikely thathewould catch whooping cough, even if he has been exposed。

W: Sounds like I dont have to worry about that, but what shallIdo about his cough?

M: It will help if you give him lots of fluids and a hotbathbefore bedtime. Keep an eye on the cough to watch to see if itgetsworse. Call us again if he has a fever or if you arestillconcerned。

W: Thanks for your advice。

M: You are welcome. Good-bye。

W: Bye-bye。

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you havejustheard。

19. What’s wrong with the child?

20. Why is the mother worried about the child’s cough?

21. Why does the doctor think that it is unlikely for the childtocatch the whooping cough?

22. Which of the following is not a suggestion the doctor givestothe mother?

Conversation Two

W: Can you tell me some of your strong points?

M: With my qualifications and experience, I feel I amhardworking,responsible and diligent in any thing I do。

W: Give me a brief introduction of your currentjobexperience。

M: I have been working as a computer programmer for five years.Tobe specific, I do system analysis, trouble shooting andprovidesoftware support。

W: What have you done for your current organization?

M: I have finished three new projects, and I am sure I canapplymy experience to this position。

W: What makes you think you would be a success inthisposition?

M: My graduate school training along with my internshipshouldqualify me for this job. I am sure I will be successful。

W: Do you work well under stress or pressure?

M: I can deal with it well since it is quite common in mycurrentposition.

W: What leadership qualities did you have?

M: I feel that learning how to motivate people and toworktogether as a team will be the major goal of my leadership。

W: How do you deal with the trouble you have with yourcolleaguesin your work?

M: I will try to present my ideas in a more clear and open wayinorder to get my points across。

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you havejustheard。

23. What is the relationship between the two speakers?

24. What is the profession of the man?

25. What is the major goal of leadership according tothedialogue?

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages.Atthe end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Boththepassage and the questions will be spoken only once. After youheara question, you must choose the best answer from the fourchoicesmarked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letteronAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center。

Passage One

Job-seeking skills research clearly proves that employers focusonfour areas during an interview: 1) attitude, whichcountsapproximately 40 percent; 2) appearance, 25 percent;3)communication skills (verbal and nonverbal), 25 percent; and 4)jobskill qualifications, 10 percent. Does this surprise you? Whenyouanalyze it, it shouldnt。

Remr, you are screened into the interview on the basis ofyourresume, cover letter, and application for employment, whichoutlineyour education, work experience, and qualifications for thejob.The interview, which usually lasts from 20 to 40 minutes, doesnotprovide adequate time for employers to evaluate this kindofbackground information. Employers request this data beforehandsothat they may have the time necessary to read and reviewyourbackground as it relates to the job, and to compare itwithinformation submitted by other applicants。

The employers purpose for giving you an interview is to gettoknow you as a person. This is why your attitude is themostimportant determinant of your success in the interview.Likewise,your appearance is the very first thing the interviewerwillevaluate — and first impressions do make lasting impressions.Ofcourse, job skill qualifications also count during theinterview,and it is your responsibility to make certain yourqualificationsfor the job are clearly covered during theinterview。

Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you havejustheard。

26. What is the most important element that will determineyoursuccess in the interview?

27. What is the employers purpose for giving youaninterview?

28. Which statement is NOT true according to the passage?

Passage Two

Social Security is one of the great moral achievements ofAmericangovernment. For almost 70 years, it has kept millions ofelderlycitizens out of poverty and assured young Americans of asecurefuture. The Social Security system is essential, yet itfaces along-term problem。

While benefits for todays seniors are secure, the systemisheaded towards bankruptcy down the road. Each year there aremoreretirees taking money out of the system, and not enoughadditionalworkers to support them。

In the 1950s, there were about 16 workers paying for everySocialSecurity beneficiary. Today, there are about three. Andeventually,there will only be two workers per beneficiary. Thesechangessignal a looming danger. In the year 2018, for the firsttime ever,Social Security will pay out more in benefits than thegovernmentcollects in payroll taxes. And the gaps will grow largereach yearleading to the bankruptcy of the system。

Therefore, Social Security is not a personal savingsplan.Benefits paid to todays retirees come directly from the taxespaidby todays workers. The crisis in Social Security can beavoided byemphasizing several principles. First, nothing willchange forthose who are receiving Social Security and for those whoare nearretirement. Secondly, payroll taxes will not increase,becausehigher taxes would slow economic growth. More efforts mustbe madeto use the power of compound interest, by giving youngerworkersthe option to save some of their payroll taxes in apersonalaccount, which government cannot take away。

Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you havejustheard。

29. When was the Social Security system establishedinAmerica?

30. Why is the Social Security facing a looming danger?

31. What can be done to avoid the crisis in Social Security?

Passage Three

Today, I would like to begin by discussing earlyEuropeansettlement along one of our well-known rivers, the Hudson,whichempties into the Atlantic to form New York bay. The Hudsonriverhas a couple of interesting physical features that made itveryattractive for settlement by the Europeans. The first is thatriverextends inland from the Atlantic Ocean for more than 150 mileswithno waterfalls or rapids. Its surface is virtually flat forthatentire distance, with no obstacles. Second, the whole150-milestretch is influenced by tides from the Atlantic Ocean.Roughlyevery six hours, the river reverses direction, flowing northwhenthe tide is rising and south toward the ocean when the tideisgoing down. Obviously there were no obstacles to preventsettlersfrom moving further upstream on the Hudson river and thisexplainswhy the Dutch penetrated so far inland. They were thefirstEuropeans to settle in the Hudson valley. Of course, togoupstream, the Dutch settlers needed the right kind of boat, andsoto navigate the river, they design a sloop with only one mastbuttwo sails, one rigged in front of the mast and one behind. Themastwas very tall, in many cases over 100 feet tall, so that thelargesails could catch winds blowing above the shore line hills.Hudsonriver sloops carried passengers and cargo. The cargo rangingfromcoal, lumber and hay to fruit, vegetables and livestock.Travelingonly ten miles an hour in a good wind, the sloop was nottoo speedyby modern standards, but it was ideally suited to theDutchsettlement, and in fact when the steam boat eventuallywasintroduced, it couldnt keep up with the sloop。

Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you havejustheard。

32. What attracted the Europeans to the Hudson river area?

33. What is the characteristic of the first 150 miles inlandonthe Hudson river?

34. How do tides from the Atlantic Ocean influence theHudsonriver?

35. According to the speaker, why did Hudson river sloopshavetall masts?

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage threetimes.When the passage is read for the first time, you shouldlistencarefully for its general idea. When the passage is read forthesecond time, you are required to fill in the blanks numberedfrom36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. Forblanksnumbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in themissinginformation. For these blanks, you can either use the exactwordsyou have just heard or write down the main points in yourownwords. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time,youshould check what you have written。

Today I would like to talk about the early days of movie makinginthe late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Beforethepioneering films of D. W. Griffith, film makers were limitedbyseveral misguided questions of the era. According to one,thecamera was always fixed at a viewpoint corresponding to that ofthespectator in the theatre, a position now known as the long shot.Itwas another convention that the position of the cameraneverchanged in the middle of a scene. In last weeks films, we sawhowGriffith ignored both these limiting conventions and broughtthecamera closer to the actor。

This shot, now known as a full shot, was consideredrevolutionaryat the time. For Love of Gold, was the name of thefilm in whichthe first use of the full shot. After progressing froma long shotto the full shot, the next logical step for Griffith wasto bringin the camera still closer, in what is now called theclose-up. Theclose-up had been used before though only rarely andmerely as avisual stunt, as for example, in Edqaed Asports TheGreat TrainRobbery, which was made in 1903.

But not until 1908 in Griffiths movie called After Many Yearswasthe dramatic potential of the close-up exploited. In the scenefromAfter Many Years that we are about to see, pay specialattention tothe close-up of Annie Lees worried face as she awaitsher husbandsreturn. In 1908, this close-up shocked everyone inthe BiogressStudio. But Griffith had no time for argument. He hadanothersurprise even more radical to offer. Immediately followingclose-upof Annie, he inserted a picture of the t of herthought--her husbandcast sway on a desert aisle. This cutting fromone scene to anotherwithout finishing either of them brought atorrent of criticism onthe experiments。

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