二、细节题
细节题的表现形式 ：这类题在四级考试中题量占到60%——70%的题量，可以说是四级考试成败的关键。这类题特点是题干的信息比较具体，考查文章中的重要细节。
细节题解题方法：细节题考查信息查找能力和句子的理解能力。在回答此类题目时,应采用查读法(Scanning)。这类题目常用疑问代词或疑问副词提问,如who, what, when, where, why，how等。然而这些题目往往不采用文章的原话提问,而是使用同义词语、同义转述等。由于考试时间非常紧张，要做好细节题，首先是要在原文找到相关信息。我们看文章需要目的，正是由于这点，建议先看题干，再看原文，带着题干个别的特有信息或者带着题干的中心话题在原文定位。另外，四级细节题干有时会有比较明显的信息，如时间数字，专有名词，中心名词。如果用题干信息在原文找答案没有结果，可以根据题目的先后顺序来确定大概范围(除个别例外，四级细节题大体上还是按照出题的先后顺序找答案的)。
例如：
If you want to teach your children how to say sorry, you must be good at saying it yourself, especially to your own children. But how you say it can be quite tricky. If you say to your children"I’m sorry I got angry with you, but ...", what follows that"but"can render the apology ineffective:"I had a bad day"or"your noise was giving me a headache"leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology. Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say "I’m sorry you’re upset"; this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing your-self to get upset by what the other person has done. Then there is the general, all-covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again. Saying "I’m useless as a parent" does not commit a person to any specific improvement. These pseudo-apologies are used by people who believe saying sorry shows weakness. Parents who wish to teach their children to apologize should see it as a sign of strength, and therefore not resort to these pseudo-apologies. But even when presented with ex-amples of genuine contrition, children still need help to become aware of the complexities of saying sorry. A three-year-old might need help in understanding that other children feel pain just as he does, and that hitting a playmate over the head with a heavy toy requires an apology. A six-year-old might need reminding that spoiling other children’s expectations can require an apology. A 12-year-old might need to be shown that raiding the biscuit tin without asking permission is acceptable, but that borrowing his/her parents’ clothes without permission is not. (CET-4, 2005年12月)
1. If a mother adds "but" to an apology, ______.
A) she doesn’t feel that she should have apologized
B) she does not realize that the child has been hurt
C) the child may find the apology easier to accept
D) the child may feel that he owes her an apology
2. It is not advisable to use the general, all-covering apology be-cause ______.
A) it gets one into the habit of making empty promises
B) it may make the other person feel guilty
C) it is vague and ineffective
D) it is hurtful and insulting
答案&解析
1. 细节理解题。参见第二段可知，如果你对孩子说“对不起我对你发脾气了，但是……”，那么“但是”后面 的内容，如：“我今天不高兴”，“你的吵闹声让我头痛”，会使道歉变得无效，而且让受到伤害的人觉得应该为自己的错误行为道歉。故选D)。
2. 细节理解题。参见第四段第一句话可知，笼统的道歉看不出那种特别具有伤害性和侮辱性的具体行为，也不能使道歉者真正做出决不再犯的承诺。故选C)