Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
In the world of entertainment, TV talk shows have undoubtedly flooded every inch of space on daytime television. And anyone who watches them regularly knows that each one varies in style and format. But no two shows are more profoundly opposite in content, while at the same time standing out above the rest, than the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey shows.
Jerry Springer could easily be considered the king of "trash talk (废话)". The topics on his show are as shocking as shocking can be. For example, the show takes the ever-common talk show themes of love, sex, cheating, guilt, hate, conflict and morality to a different level. Clearly, the Jerry Springer show is a display and exploitation of society's moral catastrophes (灾难), yet people are willing to eat up the intriguing predicaments (困境) of other people's lives.
Like Jerry Springer, Oprah Winfrey takes TV talk show to its extreme, but Oprah goes in the opposite direction. The show focuses on the improvement of society and an individual's quality of life. Topics range from teaching your children responsibility, managing your work week, to getting to know your neighbors.
Compared to Oprah, the Jerry Springer show looks like poisonous waste being dumped on society. Jerry ends every show with a "final word". He makes a small speech that sums up the entire moral of the show. Hopefully, this is the part where most people will learn something very valuable.
Clean as it is, the Oprah show is not for everyone. The show's main target audience are middle-class Americans. Most of these people have the time, money, and stability to deal with life's tougher problems. Jerry Springer, on the other hand, has more of an association with the young adults of society. These are 18- to 21-year-olds whose main troubles in life involve love, relationship, sex, money and peers. They are the ones who see some value and lessons to be learned underneath the show's exploitation.
While the two shows are as different as night and day, both have ruled the talk show circuit for many years now. Each one caters to a different audience while both have a strong following from large groups of fans. Ironically, both could also be considered pioneers in the talk show world.
21、Compared with other TV talk shows, both the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey are ___.
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【正确答案】 B
A) more family-oriented B) unusually popular C) more profound D) relatively formal
22、Though the social problems Jerry Springer talks about appear distasteful, the audience _____.
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【正确答案】 A
A) remain fascinated by them B) are ready to face up to them C) remain indifferent to them D) are willing to get involved in them
23、Which of the following is likely to be a topic of the Oprah Winfrey show?
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【正确答案】 C
A) A new type of robot. B) Racist hatred. C) Family budget planning. D) Street violence.
24、Despite their different approaches, the two talk shows are both _____.
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【正确答案】 C
A) ironical B) sensitive C) instructive D) cynical
25、We can learn from the passage that the two talk shows _____.
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【正确答案】 D
A) have monopolized the talk show circuit B) exploit the weaknesses in human nature C) appear at different times of the day D) are targeted at different audiences Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on "persuasive salesmanship" to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then convert them into money.
Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them. This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase.
This concept does not imply that business is benevolent（慈善的）or that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business transaction -- the firm and the customer -- and each must be satisfied before trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and catering to customers. A striking example of the importance of catering to the consumer presented itself in mid-1985, when Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink. The non-acceptance of the new flavor by a significant portion of the public brought about a prompt restoration of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed alongside the new. King Customer ruled!
26、The marketing concept discussed in the passage is, in essence, _____.
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【正确答案】 C
A) the practice of turning goods into money B) making goods available for purchase C) the customer-centred approach D) a form of persuasive salesmanship
27、What was the main concern of industrialists before the marketing concept was widely accepted?
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【正确答案】 B
A) The needs of the market. B) The efficiency of production. C) The satisfaction of the user. D) The preferences of the dealer.
28、According to the passage, "to move as much of these goods as possible" (Lines 3-4, Para. 1) means "______".
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【正确答案】 A
A) to sell the largest possible amount of goods B) to transport goods as efficiently as possible C) to dispose of these goods in large quantities D) to redesign these goods for large-scale production
29、What does the restoration of the Classic Coke best illustrate?
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【正确答案】 D
A) Traditional goods have a stronger appeal to the majority of people. B) It takes time for a new product to be accepted by the public. C) Consumers with conservative tastes are often difficult to please. D) Products must be designed to suit the taste of the consumer.
30、In discussing the marketing concept, the author focuses on _____.
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【正确答案】 A
A) its main characteristic B) its social impact C) its possible consequence D) its theoretical basis Passage Three Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried. Too little conflict breeds apathy (冷漠) and stagnation (呆滞). Too much conflict leads to divisiveness (分裂) and hostility. Moderate levels of conflict, however, can spark creativity and motivate people in a healthy and competitive way.
Recent research by Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however, suggests that the optimal level of conflict may be more complex to determine than these simple generalizations. He studied perceptions of conflict among a sample of executives. Some of the executives worked for profit-seeking organizations and others for not-for-profit organizations.
Somewhat surprisingly, Schwenk found that opinions about conflict varied systematically as a function of the type of organization. Specifically, managers in not-for-profit organizations strongly believed that conflict was beneficial to their organizations and that it promoted higher quality decision making than might be achieved in the absence of conflict.
Managers of for-profit organizations saw a different picture. They believed that conflict generally was damaging and usually led to poor-quality decision making in their organizations. Schwenk interpreted these results in terms of the criteria for effective decision making suggested by the executives. In the profit-seeking organizations, decision-making effectiveness was most often assessed in financial terms. The executives believed that consensus rather than conflict enhanced financial indicators.
In the not-for-profit organizations, decision-making effectiveness was defined from the perspective of satisfying constituents. Given the complexities and ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents executives perceived that conflict led to more considered and acceptable decisions.
31、In the eyes of the author, conventional opinion on conflict is _____.
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【正确答案】 B
A) wrong B) oversimplified C) misleading D) unclear
32、Professor Charles R. Schwenk's research shows _____.
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【正确答案】 C
A) the advantages and disadvantages of conflict B) the real value of conflict C) the difficulty in determining the optimal level of conflict D) the complexity of defining the roles of conflict
33、We can learn from Schwenk's research that_____ .
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【正确答案】 A
A) a person's view of conflict is influenced by the purpose of his organization B) conflict is necessary for managers of for-profit organizations C) different people resolve conflicts in different ways D) it is impossible for people to avoid conflict
34、The passage suggests that in for-profit organizations _____.
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【正确答案】 D
A) there is no end of conflict B) expression of different opinions is encouraged C) decisions must be justifiable D) success lies in general agreement
35、People working in a not-for-profit organization _____ .
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【正确答案】 B
A) seem to be difficult to satisfy B) are free to express diverse opinions C) are less effective in making decisions D) find it easier to reach agreement Passage Four Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
Imagine eating everything delicious you want -- with none of the fat. That would be great, wouldn't it?
New "fake fat" products appeared on store shelves in the United States recently, but not everyone is happy about it. Makers of the products, which contain a compound called olestra, say food manufacturers can now eliminate fat from certain foods. Critics, however, say the new compound can rob the body of essential vitamins and nutrients (营养物) and can also cause unpleasant side effects in some people. So it's up to consumers to decide whether the new fat-free products taste good enough to keep eating.
Chemists discovered olestra in the late 1960s, when they were searching for a fat that could be digested by infants more easily. Instead of finding the desired fat, the researchers created a fat that can't be digested at all.
Normally, special chemicals in the intestines (肠) "grab" molecules of regular fat and break them down so they can be used by the body. A molecule of regular fat is made up of three molecules of substances called fatty acids.
The fatty acids are absorbed by the intestines and bring with them the essential vitamins A, D, E, and K. When fat molecules are present in the intestines with any of those vitamins, the vitamins attach to the molecules and are carried into the bloodstream.
Olestra, which is made from six to eight molecules of fatty acids, is too large for the intestines to absorb. It just slides through the intestines without being broken down. Manufacturers say it's that ability to slide unchanged through the intestines that makes olestra so valuable as a fat substitute. It provides consumers with the taste of regular fat without any bad effects on the body. But critics say olestra can prevent vitamins A, D, E, and K from being absorbed. It can also prevent the absorption of carotenoids (类胡萝卜素), compounds that may reduce the risk of cancer, heart disease, etc.
Manufacturers are adding vitamins A, D, E, and K as well as carotenoids to their products now. Even so, some nutritionists are still concerned that people might eat unlimited amounts of food made with the fat substitute without worrying about how many calories they are consuming.
36、We learn from the passage that olestra is a substance that ______.
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【正确答案】 D
A) contains plenty of nutrients B) renders foods calorie-free while retaining their vitamins C) makes foods easily digestible D) makes foods fat-free while keeping them delicious
37、The result of the search for an easily digestible fat turned out to be ______.
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【正确答案】 D
A) commercially useless B) just as anticipated C) somewhat controversial D) quite unexpected
38、Olestra is different from ordinary fats in that ______.
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【正确答案】 A
A) it passes through the intestines without being absorbed B) it facilitates the absorption of vitamins by the body C) it helps reduce the incidence of heart disease D) it prevents excessive intake of vitamins
39、What is a possible negative effect of olestra according to some critics?
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【正确答案】 C
A) It may impair the digestive system. B) It may affect the overall fat intake. C) It may increase the risk of cancer. D) It may spoil the consumers' appetite.
40、Why are nutritionists concerned about adding vitamins to olestra?
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【正确答案】 B
A) It may lead to the over-consumption of vitamins. B) People may be induced to eat more than is necessary. C) The function of the intestines may be weakened. D) It may trigger a new wave of fake food production. Part III Vocabulary (20 minutes)(共30小题；每小题0.5分，满分15分)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
41、The doctors don't ______ that he will live much longer.
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【正确答案】 B
A) articulate B) anticipate C) manifest D) monitor
42、I suggest we put the scheme into effect, for it is quite ______.
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【正确答案】 D
A) eligible B) sustainable C) probable D) feasible
43、The old gentleman was a very ______ looking person, with grey hair and gold spectacles.
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【正确答案】 D
A) respectful B) respected C) respective D) respectable
44、This book is expected to ______ the best-seller lists.
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【正确答案】 C
A) promote B) prevail C) dominate D) exemplify
45、That part of the city has long been ______ for its street violence.
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【正确答案】 A
A) notorious B) responsible C) historical D) illegal
46、Under the guidance of their teacher, the pupils are building a model boat ______ by steam.
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【正确答案】 D
A) towed B) pressed C) tossed D) propelled
47、Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks, ______ themselves.
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【正确答案】 B
A) expanding B) stretching C) prolonging D) extending
48、England's team, who are now superbly fit, will be doing their best next week to ______ themselves for last year's defeat.
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【正确答案】 C
A) revive B) retort C) revenge D) remedy
49、If you want to get into that tunnel, you first have to ______ away all the rocks.
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【正确答案】 A
A) haul B) transfer C) repel D) dispose
50、It took us only a few hours to ______ the paper off all four walls.
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【正确答案】 B
A) shear B) scrape C) stroke D) chip 51、The famous scientist ______ his success to hard work.
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【正确答案】 C
A) imparted B) granted C) ascribed D) acknowledged
52、It is difficult to ______ of a plan to end poverty.
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【正确答案】 B
A) speculate B) conceive C) ponder D) reckon
53、Now the cheers and applause ______ in a single sustained roar.
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【正确答案】 A
A) mingled B) concentrated C) assembled D) permeated
54、Improved consumer confidence is ______ to an economic recovery.
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【正确答案】 A
A) crucial B) subordinate C) cumulative D) satisfactory
55、Although the body is made up of many different tissues, these tissues are arranged in an ______ and orderly fashion.
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【正确答案】 B
A) incredible B) intricate C) internal D) initial
56、If you work under a car when repairing it, you often get very ______.
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【正确答案】 D
A) waxy B) slippery C) sticky D) greasy
57、The damage to his car was ______; therefore, he could repair it himself.
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【正确答案】 C
A) considerable B) appreciable C) negligible D) invisible
58、My sister is quite ______ and plans to get an M. A. degree within one year.
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【正确答案】 D
A) aggressive B) enthusiastic C) considerate D) ambitious
59、The manager tried to wave aside these issues as ______ details that would be settled later.
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【正确答案】 B
A) versatile B) trivial C) preliminary D) alternate
60、His ______ was telling him that something was wrong.
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【正确答案】 A
A) intuition B) hypothesis C) inspiration D) sentiment 61、This book is about how these basic beliefs and values affect important _____ of American life.
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【正确答案】 C
A) fashions B) frontiers C) facets D) formats
62、Parents often faced the ______ between doing what they felt was good for the development of the child and what they could stand by way of undisciplined noise and destructiveness.
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【正确答案】 C
A) paradox B) junction C) dilemma D) premise
63、Clark felt that his ______ in one of the most dramatic medical experiments of all time was worth the suffering he underwent.
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【正确答案】 D
A) apprehension B) appreciation C) presentation D) participation
64、As one of the youngest professors in the university, Miss King is certainly on the ______ of a brilliant career.
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【正确答案】 A
A) threshold B) edge C) porch D) course
65、The ______ lawyer made a great impression on the jury.
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【正确答案】 C
A) protecting B) guarding C) defending D) shielding
66、Very few people understood his lecture, the subject of which was very ______.
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【正确答案】 B
A) dim B) obscure C) conspicuous D) intelligible
67、This movie is not ______ for children to see: it contains too much violence and too many love scenes.
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【正确答案】 C
A) profound B) valid C) decent D) upright
68、The wood was so rotten that, when we pulled, it ______ into fragments.
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【正确答案】 D
A) broke off B) broke away C) broke through D) broke up
69、The detective and his assistant have begun to ______ the mysterious murder.
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【正确答案】 B
A) come through B) look into C) make over D) see to
70、Sadly, the Giant Panda is one of the many species now in danger of ______.
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【正确答案】 A
A) extinction B) migration C) destruction D) extraction Part IV Error Correction (15 minutes) (共10小题；满分10分) Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (^) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (/) in the blank. Example: Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our periods. 1. time/times/period Many of the arguments having used for the study of literature 2. / as a school subject are valid for ^ study of television 3. the
Until the very latest moment of his existence, man has been bound to the planet on which he originated and developed. Now he had the capability to leave that planet 71. ______ and move out into the universe to those worlds which he has known previously only directly. Men have explored 72. ______ parts of the moon, put spaceships in orbit around another planet and possibly within the decade will land into 73. ______ another planet and explore it. Can we be too bold as to 74. ______ suggest that we may be able to colonize other planet within 75. ______ the not-too-distant future? Some have advocated such a procedure as a solution to the population problem: ship the excess people off to the moon. But we must keep in head the billions of dollars we might spend in carrying out 76. ______ the project. To maintain the earth's population at its present level, we would have to blast off into space 7,500 people every hour of every day of the year.
Why are we spending so little money on space 77. ______ exploration? Consider the great need for improving many 78. ______ aspects of the global environment, one is surely justified in his concern for the money and resources that they are 79.______ poured into the space exploration efforts. But perhaps we should look at both sides of the coin before arriving hasty 80. ______ conclusions.
71、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】 had → has
72、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】 directly → indirectly
73、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】 into → on
74、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】 too → so
75、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】 a planet → planets
76、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】 head → mind
77、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】 little → much
78、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】 consider → considering
79、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】 they → ／
80、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】 arriving → arriving at（或者reaching）
Part V Writing (30 minutes) (共15分) Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: How I Finance My College Education. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1.上大学的费用（tuition and fees）可以通过多种途径解决 2.哪种途径适合于我（说明理由）