| Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. In the 1920s demand for American farm products fell, as European countries began to recover from World War I and instituted austerity (紧缩) programs to reduce their imports. The result was a sharp drop in farm prices. This period was more disastrous for farmers than earlier times had been, because farmers were no longer self-sufficient. They were paying for machinery, seed, and fertilizer, and they were also buying consumer goods. The prices of the items farmers bought remained constant, while prices they received for their products fell. These developments were made worse by the Great Depression, which began in 1929 and extended throughout the 1939s. In 1929, under President Herbert Hoover, the Federal Farm Board was organized. It established the principle of direct interference with supply and demand, and it represented the first national commitment to provide greater economic stability for farmers. President Hoover's successor attached even more importance to this problem. One of the first measures proposed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt when he took office in 1933 was the Agricultural Adjustment Act, which was subsequently passed by Congress. This law gave the Secretary of Agriculture the power to reduce production through voluntary agreements with farmers who were paid to take their land out of use. A deliberate scarcity of farm products was planned in an effort to raise prices. This law was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court on the grounds that general taxes were being collected to pay one special group of people. However, new laws were passed immediately that achieved the same result of resting soil and providing flood-control measures, but which were based on the principle of soil conservation. The Roosevelt Administration believed that rebuilding the nation's soil was in the national interest and was not simply a plan to help farmers at the expense of other citizens. Later the government guaranteed loans to farmers so that they could buy farm machinery, hybrid (杂交) grain, and fertilizers. 21、What brought about the decline in the demand for American farm products? （本题分值：2分） 【正确答案】 B B) The shrinking of overseas markets. C) The destruction caused by the First World War. D) The increased exports of European countries. 22、The chief concern of the American government in the area of agriculture in the 1920s was ______ . （本题分值：2分） 【正确答案】 C B) to establish agricultural laws C) to prevent farmers from going bankrupt D) to promote the mechanization of agriculture 23、The Agricultural Adjustment Act encouraged American farmers to ______. （本题分值：2分） 【正确答案】 A B) make full use of their land C) adjust the prices of their farm products D) be self-sufficient in agricultural production 24、The Supreme Court rejected the Agricultural Adjustment Act because it believed that the Act ______. （本题分值：2分） 【正确答案】 D B) didn't give the Secretary of Agriculture enough power C) would benefit neither the government nor the farmers D) benefited one group of citizens at the expense of others 25、It was claimed that the new laws passed during the Roosevelt Administration were aimed at ______. （本题分值：2分） 【正确答案】 B B) conserving soil in the long-term interest of the nation C) lowering the burden of farmers D) helping farmers without shifting the burden onto other taxpayers Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. In the 1950s, the pioneers of artificial intelligence (AI) predicted that, by the end of this century, computers would be conversing with us at work and robots would be performing our housework. But as useful as computers are, they're nowhere close to achieving anything remotely resembling these early aspirations f or humanlike behavior. Never mind something as complex as conversation: the most powerful computers struggle to reliably recognize the shape of an object, the most elementary of tasks for a ten-month-old kid. A growing group of AI researchers think they know where the field went wrong . The problem, the scientists say, is that AI has been trying to separate the highest, most abstract levels of thought, like language and mathematics, and to duplicate them with logical, step-by-step programs. A new movement in AI, on the other hand, takes a closer look at the more roundabout way in which nature came up with intelligence. Many of these researchers study evolution and natural adaptation instead of formal logic and conventional computer programs. Rather than digital computers and transistors, some want to work with brain cells and proteins . The results of these early efforts are as promising as they are peculiar, and the new nature-based AI movement is slowly but surely moving to the forefront of the field. Imitating the brain's neural (神经的) network is a huge step in the right direction, says computer scientist and biophysicist Michael Conrad, but it still misses an important aspect of natural intelligence. "People tend to treat the brain as if it were made up of color-coded transistors", he explains, "but it's not simply a clever network of switches. There are lots of important things going on inside the brain cells themselves." Specifically, Conrad believes that many of the brain's capabilities stem from the pattern-recognition proficiency of the individual molecules that make up each brain cell. The best way to build and artificially intelligent device, he claims, would be to build it around the same sort of molecular skills. Right now, the option that conventional computers and software are fundamentally incapable of matching the processes that take place in the brain remains controversial. But if it proves true, then the efforts of Conrad and his fellow AI rebels could turn out to be the only game in town. 26、The author says that the powerful computers of today ______. （本题分值：2分） 【正确答案】 D B) are close to exhibiting humanlike behavior C) are not very different in their performance from those of the 50's D) still cannot communicate with people in a human language 27、The new trend in artificial intelligence research stems from ______. （本题分值：2分） 【正确答案】 B B) the belief that human intelligence cannot be duplicated with logical, step-by-step programs C) the aspirations of scientists to duplicate the intelligence of a ten-month-old child D) the efforts made by scientists in the study of the similarities between transistors and brain cells 28、Conrad and his group of AI researchers have been making enormous efforts to ______. （本题分值：2分） 【正确答案】 C B) build a computer using a clever network of switches C) find out how intelligence developed in nature D) separate the highest and most abstract levels of thought 29、What's the author's opinion about the new AI movement? （本题分值：2分） 【正确答案】 D B) It's a breakthrough in duplicating human thought processes. C) It's more like a peculiar game rather than a real scientific effort. D) It may prove to be in the right direction though nobody is sure of its future prospects. 30、Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase "the only game in town" (Line 3, Para. 4)? （本题分值：2分） 【正确答案】 A A) The only approach to building an artificially intelligent computer. Passage Three Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. Cars account for half the oil consumed in the U.S., about half the urban pollution and one fourth the greenhouse (温室) gases. They take a similar toll of (损耗) resources in other industrial nations and in the cities of the developing world . As vehicle use continues to increase in the coming decade, the U.S. and other countries will have to deal with these issues or else face unacceptable economic , health-related and political costs. It is unlikely that oil prices will remain at their current low level or that other nations will accept a large and growing U.S. contribution to global climatic change. Policymakers and industry have four options: reduce vehicle use, increase the efficiency and reduce the emissions of conventional gasoline-powered vehicles, switch to less harmful fuels, or find less polluting driving systems. The last of these--in particular the introduction of vehicles powered by electricity — is ultimately the only sustainable option. The other alternatives are attractive in theory but in practice are either impractical or offer only marginal improvements. For example, reduced vehicle use could solve traffic problems and a host of social and environmental problems, but evidence from around the world suggests t hat it is very difficult to make people give up their cars to any significant ex tent. In the U.S., mass-transit ridership and carpooling (合伙用车) have decline d since World War II. Even in western Europe, with fuel prices averaging more than $ 1 a liter (about $ 4 a gallon) and with easily accessible mass transit and dense populations, cars still account for 80 percent of all passenger travel. Improved energy efficiency is also appealing, but automotive fuel economy has barely made any progress in 10 years. Alternative fuels such as natural gas, burned in internal-combustion engines, could be introduced at relatively low cost, but they would lead to only marginal reductions in pollution and greenhouse emissions (especially because oil companies are already spending billions of dollars every year to develop less polluting types of gasoline).
【正确答案】 B A) consume half of the oil produced in the world 【正确答案】 C A. most Americans are reluctant to switch to public transportation systems 【正确答案】 C A) The designing of highly efficient car engines. 【正确答案】 A A) The use of fuels other than gasoline. 【正确答案】 B A) The decline of public transportation accounts for increased car use in western Europe. Reebok executives do not like to hear their stylish athletic shoes called “ footwear for yuppies (雅皮士，少壮高薪职业人士)”. They contend that Reebok shoes appeal to diverse market segments, especially now that the company offers basketball and children's shoes for the under-18 set and walking shoes for older customers not interested in aerobics （健身操）or running. The executives also point out that through recent acquisitions they have added hiking boots, dress and casual shoes, and high-performance athletic footwear to their product lines, all of which should attract new and varied groups of customers. Still, despite its emphasis on new markets, Reebok plans few changes in the upmarket (高档消费人群的)retailing network that helped push sales to $ 1 billion annually, ahead of all other sports shoe marketers. Reebok shoes, which are priced from $ 27 to $85, will continue to be sold only in better specialty, sporting goods, and department stores, in accordance with the company's view that consumers judge the quality of the brand by the quality of its distribution. In the past few years, the Massachusetts-based company has imposed limits on the number of its distributors (and the number of shoes supplied to stores), partly out of necessity. At times the unexpected demand for Reebok's exceeded supply, and the company could barely keep up with orders from the dealers it already had. These fulfillment problems seem to be under control now, but the company is still selective about its distributors. At present, Reebok shoes are available in about five thousand retail stores in the United States. Reebok has already anticipated that walking shoes will be the next fitness-related craze, replacing aerobics shoes the same way its brightly colored, soft leather exercise footwear replaced conventional running shoes. Through product diversification and careful market research, Reebok hopes to avoid the distribution problems Nike came across several years ago, when Nike misjudged the strength of the aerobics shoe craze and was forced to unload huge inventories of running shoes through discount stores.
【正确答案】 A A) they believe that their shoes are popular with people of different age groups 【正确答案】 D A) the quality of a brand is measured by the service quality of the store selling it 【正确答案】 A A) its supply of products fell short of demand 【正确答案】 C A) does not want to further expand its retailing network 【正确答案】 D A) A company should not sell its high quality shoes in discount stores. 【正确答案】 B A) pertinent 【正确答案】 A A) massive 【正确答案】 D A) ingenious 【正确答案】 A A) turbulent 【正确答案】 D A) incompatible 【正确答案】 D A) indefinitely 【正确答案】 A A) simultaneously 【正确答案】 B A) vain 【正确答案】 B A) nutrition 【正确答案】 D A) configuration 【正确答案】 C A) transmission 【正确答案】 C A) guide 【正确答案】 B A) treaty 【正确答案】 A A) pensions 【正确答案】 D A) appliance 【正确答案】 C A) deteriorated 【正确答案】 A A) deprived 【正确答案】 C A) depressed 【正确答案】 D A) harnessed 【正确答案】 A A) provoked 【正确答案】 B A) advocated 【正确答案】 C A) migrated 【正确答案】 C A) adheres 【正确答案】 C A) slapped 【正确答案】 B A) tumble 【正确答案】 C A) coincide 【正确答案】 D A) turn down 【正确答案】 B A) laid out 【正确答案】 A A) compensate 【正确答案】 B A) decorate When you start talking about good and bad manners you However, a second person thought that this was more a Immediately before him was a very flat piece of bread And that, said this second person, was a fine example of
【正确答案】 on → by 72、 （本题分值：1分） 【正确答案】 unaware → aware 73、 （本题分值：1分） 【正确答案】 as → than 74、 （本题分值：1分） 【正确答案】 it → which 75、 （本题分值：1分） 【正确答案】 at → in 76、 （本题分值：1分） 【正确答案】 hasn’t→ hadn’t 77、 （本题分值：1分） 【正确答案】 American → Arab 78、 （本题分值：1分） 【正确答案】 as → like 79、 （本题分值：1分） 【正确答案】 falls → fell 80、 （本题分值：1分） 【正确答案】 of → ／ Part V Writing (30 minutes) (共15分) Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? The first sentence has already been written for you. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below: 1. 很多人认为有必要举行口语考试，理由是…… 2.也有人持不同的意见，…… 3.我的看法和打算 81、Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test (CET). （本题分值：15分） 【正确答案】 |