Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
In 1985 when a Japan Air Lines (JAL) jet crashed, its president, Yasumoto Takagi, called each victim’s family to apologize, and then promptly resigned. And in 1987, when a subsidiary of Toshiba sole sensitive military technology to the former Soviet Union, the chairman of Toshiba gave up his post.
These executive actions, which Toshiba calls “the highest form of apology,” may seem bizarre to US managers. No one at Boeing resigned after the JAL crash, which may have been caused by a faulty Boeing repair.
The difference between the two business cultures centers around different definitions of delegation. While US executives give both responsibility and authority to their employees, Japanese executives delegate only authority—the responsibility is still theirs. Although the subsidiary that sold the sensitive technology to the Soviets had its own management, the Toshiba top executives said they “must take personal responsibility for not creating an atmosphere throughout the Toshiba group that would make such activity unthinkable, even in an independently run subsidiary.”
Such acceptance of community responsibility is not unique to businesses in Japan. School principals in Japan have resigned when their students committed major crimes after school hours. Even if they do not quit, Japanese executives will often accept primary responsibility in other ways, such as taking the first pay cut when a company gets into financial trouble. Such personal sacrifices, even if they are largely symbolic, help to create the sense of community and employee loyalty that is crucial to the Japanese way of doing business.
Harvard Business School professor George Lodge calls the ritual acceptance of blame “almost a feudal (封建的) way of purging (清除) the community of dishonor,” and to some in the United States, such resignations look cowardly. However, in an era in which both business and governmental leaders seem particularly good at evading responsibility, many US managers would probably welcome an infusion (灌输) of the Japanese sense of responsibility, If, for instance, US automobile company executives offered to reduce their own salaries before they asked their workers to take pay cuts, negotiations would probably take on a very different character.
21、Why did the chairman of Toshiba resign his position in 1987?
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【正确答案】 C
A) In Japan, the leakage of a slate secret to Russians is a grave came. B) He had been under attack for shifting responsibility to his subordinates. C) In Japan, the chief executive of a corporation is held responsible for the mistake made by its subsidiaries. D) He had been accused of being cowardly towards crises that were taking place in his corporation.
22、According to the passage if you want to be a good manager in Japan, you have to ________.
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【正确答案】 A
A) apologize promptly for your subordinates' mistakes B) be skillful in accepting blames from customers C) make symbolic sacrifices whenever necessary D) create a strong sense of company loyalty
23、What’s Professor George Lodge’s attitude towards the resignations of Japanese corporate leaders?
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【正确答案】 C
A) Sympathetic B) Biased. C) Critical D) Approving.
24、Which of the following statements is TRUE?
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【正确答案】 B
A) Boeing had nothing to do with the JAL air crash in 1985. B) American executives consider authority and responsibility inseparable. C) School principals bear legal responsibility for students' crimes. D) Persuading employees to take pay cuts doesn’t help solve corporate crises.
25、The passage is mainly about ________.
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【正确答案】 D
A) resignation as an effective way of dealing with business crises B) the importance of delegating responsibility to employees C) ways of evading responsibility in times of crises D) the difference between two business cultures Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
As machines go, the car is not terribly noisy, nor terribly polluting, nor terribly dangerous; and on all those dimensions it has become better as the century has grown older. The main problem is its prevalence, and the social costs that ensue from the use by everyone of something that would be fairly harmless if, say, only the rich were to use it. It is a price we pay for equality.
Before becoming too gloomy, it is worth recalling why the car has been arguably the most successful and popular product of the whole of the past 100 years—and remains so. The story begins with the environmental improvement it brought in the 1900s. In New York city in 1900, according to the Car Culture. A 1975 book by J. Flink, a historian, horses deposited 2.5 million pounds of manure(粪)and 60,000 gallons of urine (尿) every day. Every year, the city authorities had to remove an average of 15,000 dead horses from the streets, It made cars smell of roses.
Cars were also wonderfully flexible. The main earlier solution to horse pollution and traffic jams was the electric trolley bus (电车). But that required fixed overhead wires, and rails and platforms, which were expensive, ugly, and inflexible, The car could go from any A to any B, and allowed towns to develop in all directions with low-density housing, rather than just being concentrated along the trolley or rail lines. Rural areas benefited too, for they became less remote.
However, since pollution became a concern in the 1950s, experts have predicted—wrongly—that the car boom was about to end. In his book Mr. Flink argued that by 1973 the American market had become saturated, at one car for every 2.25 people, and so had the markets of Japan and Western Europe (because of land shortages). Environmental worries and diminishing oil reserves would prohibit mass car use anywhere else.
He was wrong, Between 1970 and 1990, whereas America’s population grew by 23%, the number of cars on its roads grew by 60%, There is now one car for every 1.7 people there, one for every 2.1 in Japan, one for every 5.3 in Britain. Around 550 million cars are already on the roads, not to mention all the trucks and motorcycles, and about 50 million new ones are made each year worldwide. Will it go on? Undoubtedly, because people want it to.
26、As is given in the first paragraph, the reason why the car has become a problem is that ________.
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【正确答案】 B
A) poor people can’t afford it B) it is too expensive to maintain C) too many people are using it D) it causes too many road accidents
27、According to the passage, the car started to gain popularity because ________.
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【正确答案】 C
A) it didn’t break down as easily as a horse B) it had a comparatively pleasant odor C) it caused less pollution than horses D) it brightened up the gloomy streets
28、What impact did the use of cars have on society?
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【正确答案】 B
A) People were compelled to leave downtown areas. B) People were able to live in less crowded suburban areas. C) Business along trolley and rail lines slackened. D) City streets were free of ugly overhead wires.
29、Mr.Flink argued in his book that cars would not be widely used in other countries because ________.
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【正确答案】 D
A) the once booming car market has become saturated B) traffic jams in those countries are getting more and more serious C) expensive motorways are not available in less developed countries D) people worry about pollution and the diminishing oil resources
30、What’s wrong with Mr.Flink’s prediction?
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【正确答案】 A
A) The use of automobiles has kept increasing worldwide. B) New generations of cars are virtually pollution free. C) The population of America has not increased as fast. D) People’s environmental concerns are constantly increasing. Passage Three Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
Crying is hardly an activity encouraged by society. Tears, be they of sorrow, anger, on joy, typically make Americans feel uncomfortable and embarrassed. The shedder of tears is likely to apologize, even when a devastating (毁灭性的) tragedy was the provocation. The observer of tears is likely to do everything possible to put an end to the emotional outpouring. But judging form recent studies of crying behavior, links between illness and crying and the chemical composition of tears, both those responses to tears are often inappropriate and may even be counterproductive.
Humans are the only animals definitely known to shed emotional tears. Since evolution has given rise to few, if any, purposeless physiological responsible, it is logical to assume that crying has one or more functions that enhance survival.
Although some observers have suggested that crying is a way to clilic assistance form others (as a crying baby might from its mother), the shedding of tears is hardly necessary to get help. Vocal cries would have been quite enough, more likely than tears to gain attention, So, it appears, there must be something special about tears themselves.
Indeed, the new studies suggest that emotional tears may play a direct role in alleviating stress, University of Minnesota researchers who are studying the chemical composition of tears have recently isolated two important chemicals from emotional tears. Both chemicals are found only in tears that are shed in response to emotion. Tears shed because of exposure to =cut onion would contain no such substance.
Researchers at several other institutions are investigating the usefulness of tears as a means of diagnosing human ills and monitoring drugs.
At Tulane University’s Teat Analysis Laboratory Dr.Peter Kastl and his colleagues report that they can use tears to detect drug abuse and exposure to medication(药物), to determine whether a contact lens fits properly of why it may be uncomfortable, to study the causes of “dry eye” syndrome and the effects of eye surgery, and perhaps even to measure exposure to environmental pollutants.
At Columbia University Dt.Liasy Faris and colleagues are studying tears for clues to the diagnosis of diseases away from the eyes. Tears can be obtained painlessly without invading the body and only tiny amounts are needed to perform highly refined analyses.
31、It is known from the first paragraph that ________.
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【正确答案】 A
A) shedding tears gives unpleasant feelings to American B) crying may often imitate people or even result in tragedy C) crying usually wins sympathy from other people D) one who sheds tears in public will be blamed
32、What does “both those responses to tears”(Line 6, Para, 1) refer to?
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【正确答案】 C
A) Crying out of sorrow and shedding tears for happiness. B) The embarrassment and unpleasant sensation of the observers. C) The tear shedder’s apology and the observer’s effort to stop the crying. D) Linking illness with crying and finding the chemical composition of tears.
33、“Counterproductive” (Lines 6-7, Para,1) very probably means “________”.
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【正确答案】 D
A) having no effect at all B) leading to tension C) producing disastrous impact D) harmful to health
34、What does the author say about crying?
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【正确答案】 B
A) It is a pointless physiological response to the environment. B) It must have a role to play in man’s survival. C) It is meant to get attention and assistance. D) It usually produces the desired effect.
35、What can be inferred from the new studies of tears?
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【正确答案】 A
A) Emotional tears have the function of reducing stress. B) Exposure to excessive medication may increase emotional tears. C) Emotional tears can give rise to “dry eye” syndrome in some cases. D) Environmental pollutants can induce the shedding of emotional tears. Passage Four Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
It is no secret among athletes that in order to improve performance you’ve got to work hard. However, hard training breaks you down and makes you weaker, It is rest that makes you stronger. Improvement only occurs during the rest period following hard training. This adaptation is accomplished by improving efficiency of the heart and certain systems within the muscle cells. During recovery periods these systems build to greater levels to compensate for the stress that you have applied. The result is that you are now at a higher level of performance.
If sufficient rest is not included in a training program, imbalance between excess training and inadequate rest will occur, and performance will decline. The “overtraining syndrome(综合症)” is the name given to the collection of emotional, behavioral, and physical symptoms due to overtraining that has persisted for weeks to months. It is marked by cumulative exhaustion that persists even after recovery periods.
The most common symptom is fatigue. This may limit workouts and may be present at rest. The athlete may also become moody, easily imitated, have altered sleep patterns, become depressed, or lose the competitive desire and enthusiasm for the sport, Some will report decreased appetite and weight loss. Physical symptoms include persistent muscular soreness, increased frequency of viral (病毒性的) illnesses, and increased incidence of injuries.
The treatment for the overtraining syndrome is rest. The longer the overtraining has occurred, the more rest required, Therefore, early detection is very important, If the overtraining has only occurred for a short period of time (e.g. 3-4 weeks) then interrupting training for 3-5 days is usually sufficient rest. It is important that the factors that lead to overtraining be identified and corrected. Otherwise, the overtraining syndrome is likely to recur. The overtraining syndrome should be considered in any athlete who manifests symptoms of prolonged fatigue and whose performance has leveled off or decreased. It is important to exclude any underlying illness that may be responsible for the fatigue.
36、The first paragraph of the passage tells us that ________.
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【正确答案】 B
A) the harder an athlete trains, the better his performance will be B) rest after vigorous training improves an athlete’s performance C) strict systematic training is essential to an athlete’s top performance D) improvement of an athlete’s performance occurs in the course of training
37、By “overtraining” the author means ________.
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【正确答案】 C
A) a series of physical symptoms that occur after training B) undue emphasis on the importance of physical exertion C) training that is not adequately compensated for by rest D) training that has exceeded an athlete’s emotional limits
38、What does the passage tell us about the “overtraining” syndrome?
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【正确答案】 D
A) It occurs when athletes lose interest in sports. B) It appears right after a hard training session. C) The fatigue it results in is unavoidable in the athlete’s training process. D) It manifests itself in fatigue which lingers even after a recovery period.
39、What does the phrase “level off” (Line 7, Para,4)most probably mean?
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【正确答案】 C
A) Slow down. B) Become dull. C) Stop improving. D) Be on the decline.
40、The author advises at the end of the passage that ________.
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【正确答案】 D
A) overtraining syndrome should be treated as a serious illness B) overtraining syndrome should be prevented before it occurs C) an athlete with overtraining syndrome should take a lengthy rest D) illness causing fatigue should not be mistaken for overtraining syndrome Part III Vocabulary (20 minutes)(共30小题；每小题0.5分，满分15分)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
41、These were stubborn men. not easily ________to change their mind.
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【正确答案】 C
A) tilted B) converted C) persuaded D) suppressed
42、The circus has always been very, popular because it ________both the old and the young.
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【正确答案】 B
A) facilitates B) fascinates C) immerses D) indulges
43、By patient questioning the lawyer managed to ________enough information from the witnesses.
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【正确答案】 D
A) evacuate B) withdraw C) impart D) elicit
44、George enjoys talking about people's private affairs. He is a ______.
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【正确答案】 C
A) solicitor B) coward C) gossip D) rebel
45、The new secretary has written a remarkably ________report within a few hundred words but with all the important details included.
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【正确答案】 D
A) concise B) brisk C) precise D) elaborate
46、His face ________as he came in after running all the way from school.
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【正确答案】 D
A) flared B) fluctuated C) fluttered D) flushed
47、Steel is not as ________ as cast iron; it does not break as easily.
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【正确答案】 B
A) elastic B) brittle C) adaptable D) flexible
48、A big problem in lemming English as a foreign language is lack of opportunities for ________interaction with proficient speakers of English.
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【正确答案】 C
A) instantaneous B) provocative C) verbal D) dual
49、Within ten years they have tamed the ________hill into green woods.
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【正确答案】 B
A) vacant B) barren C) weird D) wasteful
50、The ________of our trip to London was the visit to Buckingham Palace.
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【正确答案】 A
A) summit B) height C) peak D) highlight 51、Harold claimed that he was a serious and well-known artist, but in fact he was a(n) ________.
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【正确答案】 D
A) alien B) client. C) counterpart D) fraud
52、We don't ________any difficulties in completing the project so long as we keep within our budget.
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【正确答案】 A
A) foresee B) fabricate C) infer D) inhibit
53、He is looking for a job that will give him greater ________for career development.
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【正确答案】 B
A) insight B) scope C) momentum D) phase
54、The high school my daughter studies in is ________our university.
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【正确答案】 D
A) linked by B) relevant to C) mingled with D) affiliated with
55、The Browns lived in a ________and comfortably furnished house in the suburbs.
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【正确答案】 A
A) spacious B) sufficient C) wide D) wretched
56、A membership card ________the holder to use the club's facilities for a period of twelve months.
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【正确答案】 B
A) approves B) authorizes C) rectifies D) endows
57、They have done away with ________Latin for university entrance at Harvard.
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【正确答案】 C
A) influential B) indispensable C) compulsory D) essential
58、It is no ________that a large number of violent crimes are committed under the influence of alcohol.
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【正确答案】 A
A) coincidence B) correspondence C) inspiration D) intuition
59、One's university days often appear happier in ________than they actually were at the time.
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【正确答案】 B
A) retention B) retrospect C) return D) revere
60、She ________through the pages of a magazine, not really concentrating on them.
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【正确答案】 D
A) tumbled B) tossed C) switched D) flipped 61、Scientists are pushing known technologies to their limits in an attempt to ________more energy from the earth.
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【正确答案】 A
A) extract B) inject C) discharge D) drain
62、The Chinese Red Cross ________a generous sum to the relief of the victims of the earthquake in Turkey.
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【正确答案】 D
A) administered B) elevated C) assessed D) contributed
63、The first sentence in this paragraph is ________; it can be interpreted in many ways.
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【正确答案】 B
A) intricate B) ambiguous C) duplicated D) confused
64、They used to quarrel a lot, but now they are completely ________with each other.
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【正确答案】 A
A) reconciled B) negotiated C) associated D) accommodated
65、The local business was not much ________by the sudden outbreak of the epidemic.
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【正确答案】 C
A) intervened B) insulated C) hampered D) hoisted
66、The most important ________for assessment in this contest is originality of design.
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【正确答案】 D
A) threshold B) partition C) warrant D) criterion
67、The woman was worried about the side effects of taking aspirins. but her doctor ________her that it is absolutely harmless.
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【正确答案】 C
A) retrieved B) released C) reassured D) revived
68、We can't help being ________of Bob who bought a luxurious sports car just after the money was stolen from the office.
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【正确答案】 C
A) skeptical B) appreciative C) suspicious D) tolerant
69、He greatly resented the publication of this book. which he saw as an embarrassing invasion of his ________.
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【正确答案】 A
A) privacy B) morality C) dignity D) secrecy
70、In fact as he approached this famous statue, he only barely resisted the ________to reach into his bag for his camera.
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【正确答案】 B
A) impatience B) impulse C) incentive D) initiative Part IV Error Correction (15 minutes) (共10小题；满分10分) Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (^) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (/) in the blank. Example: Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our periods. 1. time/times/period Many of the arguments having used for the study of literature 2. / as a school subject are valid for ^ study of television 3. the
"Home, sweet home" is a phrase that expresses an essential attitude in the United States. Whether the reality of life in the family house is sweet or no sweet. the 71.________ cherished ideal of home has great importance for many people.
This ideal is a vital part of the American dream. This dream, dramatized in the history of nineteenth-century European settlers of the American West, was in find a piece of place, build a house for one's family, and 72.________ started a farm. These small households were portraits of 73.________ independence: the entire family -- mother, father, children. even grandparents -- live in a small house and working 74.________ together to support each other. Anyone understood the life 75.________ and death importance of family cooperation and hard work. Although most people in the United States no longer live on farms, but ~he ideal of home ownership is just as 76.________ strong in the twentieth century as it was in the nineteenth. When U.S, soldiers came home before World War II. for 77.________ example, they dreamed of buying houses and starting families. But there was a tremendous boom in home 78.________ building. The new houses, typically it the suburbs, were often small and more or less identical, but it satisfied 79.________ a deep need. Many regarded the single-family house the basis of their way of life. 80.________
71、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】 no → not
72、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】 place → land
73、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】 started → start
74、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】 working → work
75、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】 anyone → everyone
76、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】 but →/
77、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】 before → after
78、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】 But → And
79、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】 it → they
80、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】 house → house as
Part V Writing (30 minutes) (共15分) 图表作文，关于一个美国大学图书馆的图书流动量（pop fiction, general nonfiction, science, art等），给出他们的流动比例对比，说明原因，并说明你自己喜欢阅读什么样的书。