Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to "reward" the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children's responses in situations where on milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement "switched on". A display of lights-and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many three turns to one side.
Papusek's light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would "smile and bubble" when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.
26.According to the author, babies learn to do things which _____.
(A) are directly related to pleasure (C) will bring them a feeling of success
(B) will meet their physical needs (D) will satisfy their curiosity
27.Papousek noticed in his studies that a baby _____.
(A) would make learned responses when it saw the milk
(B) would carry out learned movements when it had enough to drink
(C) would continue the simple movements without being given milk
(D) would turn its head to right or left when it had enough to drink
28.In Papousek's experiment babies make learned movements of the head in order to ______.
(A) have the lights turned on (C) please their parents
(B) be rewarded with milk (D) be praised
29.The babies would "smile and bubble" at the lights because ______.
(A) the lights were directly related to some basic "drives"
(B) the sight of the lights was interesting
(C) they need not turn back to watch the lights
(D) they succeeded in "switching on" the lights
30.According to Papousek, the pleasure babies get in achieving something is a reflection of _____.
(A) a basic human desire to understand and control the world
(B) the satisfaction of certain physiological needs
(C) their strong desire to solve complex
(D) a fundamental human urge to display their learned skills
Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some way does not live up to the manufacturer's claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty (保单), or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction.
A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the "higher up" the consumer takes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer's favor, assuming he or she has a just claim.
Consumers should complain in person whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the place of purchase, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter.
Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in questions. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making general statements. For example, "The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the ri
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