A) has been banned by the government from producing artificial hearts
B) will review the effects of artificial hearts before designing new models
C) may continue to work on new models of reliable artificial hearts
D) can make new models of artificial hearts available on the market in 10 to 20 years
33. The new models of artificial hearts are expected ______.
A) to have a working life of 10 or 20 years
B) to be set fully in the patient's chest
C) to be equipped with an external power source
D) to create a new passage for infection
34. The word "them" in Line 7, Para. 2 refers to ______.
A) doctors who treat heart diseases
B) makers of artificial hearts
C) America's health-care programs
D) new models of artificial hearts
35. Some people feel that ______.
A) artificial hearts are seldom effective
B) the country should not spend so much money on artificial hearts
C) the country is not spending enough money on artificial hearts
D) America's health-care programs are not doing enough for the nation's health
Passage Four
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
A raped means of long-distance transportation became a necessity for the United States as settlement (新拓居地) spread ever farther westward. The early trains were impractical curiosities, and for a long time the railroad companies met with troublesome mechanical problems. The most serious ones were the construction of rails able to bear the load, and the development of a safe, effective stopping system. Once these were solved, the railroad was established as the best means of land transportation. By 1860 there were thousands of miles of railroads crossing the eastern mountain ranges and reaching westward to the Mississippi. There were also regional southern and western lines.
The high point in railroad building came with the construction of the first transcontinental system. In 1862 Congress authorized two western railroad companies to build lines from Nebraska westward and from California eastward to a meeting point, so as to complete a transcontinental crossing linking the Atlantic seaboard with the Pacific. The Government helped the railroads generously with money and land. Actual work on this project began four years later. The Central Pacific Company, starting from California, used Chinese labor, while the Union Pacific employed crews of Irish laborers. The two groups worked at remarkable speed, each trying to cover a greater distance than the other. In 1869 they met at a place called Promontory in what is now the state of Utah. Many visitors came there for the great occasion. There were joyous celebrations all over the country, with parades and the ringing of church bells to honor the great achievement.
The railroad was very important in encouraging westward movement. It also helped build up industry and farming by moving raw materials and by distributing products rapidly to distant markets. In linking towns and people to one another it helped unify the United States.
36. The major problems with America's railroad system in the mid 19th century lay in ______.
A) poor quality rails and unreliable stopping systems
B) lack of financial support for development
C) limited railroad lines
D) lack of a transcontinental railroad
37. The building of the first transcontinental system ______.
A) brought about a rapid growth of industry and farming in the west
B) attracted many visitors to the construction sites
C) attracted laborers from Europe
D) encouraged people to travel all over the county
38. The best title for this passage would be ______.
A) Settlements Spread Westward
B) The Coast-to-Coast Railroad: A Vital Link
C) American Railroad History
D) The Importance of Trains in the American Economy
39. The construction of the transcontinental railroad took ______.
A) 9 years
B) 7 years
C) 4 years
D) 3 years
40. What most likely made people think' about a transcontinental railroad?
A) The possibility of government support for such a task.
B) The need to explore Utah.
C) The need to connect the east coast with the west.
D) The need to del, clop the railroad industry in the west
Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four Choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corr
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