behavior different from those of the parental home, and tends to separate parents and their
children.
The increase in ideational mobility is measured by the increase in publications, such as
newspapers, periodicals, and books, the increase in the percentage of the population owning radios,
and the increase in television sets. All these tend to introduce new ideas into the home.
When individual family members are exposed to and adopt the new ideas, the tendency is for
conflict to arise and for those in conflict to become psychologically separated from each other.
31. What the passage tells us can be summarized by the statement:
A) social development results in a decline in the impotance of traditional families
B) potential disorganization is present in the American family
C) family disorganization is more or less the result of mobility
D) the movement of a family is one of the factors in raising its social status
32. According to the passage, those who live in a traditional family
A) are less likely to quarrel with others because of conventionality and stability
B) have to depend on their relatives and friends if they do not move away from it
C) can get more help from their family members if they are in trouble
D) will have more freedom of action and thought if they move away from it.
33. Potential disorganization exists in those families in which
A) the husband, wife, and children work too hard
B) the husband, wife, and children seldom get together
C) both parents have to work full time
D) the family members are subject to social pressures
34. Intermarriage and different occupations play an important role in family disorganization be-
cause
A) they enable the children to travel around without their parents' permission
B) they allow one to find a good job and improve one's social status
C) they enable the children to better understand the ways of behavior of their parents
D) they permit one to come into contact with different ways of behavior and thinking
35. This passage suggests that a well - organized family is a family whose members
A) are not psychologically withdrawn from one another
B) never quarrel with each other even when they disagree
C) often help each other with true love and affection
D) are exposed to the same new ideas introduced by books, radios, and TV sets
Passage Four
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
To call someone bird - brained in English means you think that person is silly or stupid.
But will this description soon disappear from use in the light of recent research? It seems the
English may have been unfair in association bird's brains with stupidity.
In an attempt to find out how different creatures see the world, psychologists at Brown U-
niversity in the USA have been comparing the behaviour of birds and humans. One experiment
has involved teaching pigeons to recognize letters of the English alphabet. The birds study in
"classrooms", which are boxes equipped with a computer. After about four days of studying a
particular letter, the pigeon has to pick out that letter from several displayed on the computer
screen. Three male pigeons have learnt to distinguish all twenty - six letters of the alphabet in
this way.
A computer record of the birds's fourmonth study period has shown surprising similarities
between the pigeons' and human performance. Pigeons and people find the same letters easy, or
hard, to tell apart. For example, 92 per cent of the time the pigeons could tell the letter D from
the letter Z. But when faced with U and V(often confused by English children), the pigeons
were right only 34 per cent of the time.
The results of the experiments so far have led psychologists to conclude that pigeons and
humans observe things in similar ways. This suggests that there is something fundamental about
the recognition process. If scientists could only discover just what this recognition process is it
could be very useful for computer designers. The disadvantage of a presen computer is that it
can only do what a human being has programmed it to do and the programmer must give the
computer precise, logical instructions. Maybe in the future, thou
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