61. By "……challenges explanation" (Line 2, Para.1) the author means that ______.
A) no explanation is necessary for such an obvious phenomenon
B) no explanation has been made up to now
C) its no easy job to provide an adequate explanation
D) its high time that an explanation was provided
62. The third paragraph is mainly about _________
A) the development of babies early forms of language
B) the difficulties of babies in learning to speak
C) babies strong desire to communicate
D) babies intention to communicate
63. The authors purpose in writing the second paragraph is to show that children _______.
A) usually obey without asking questions
B) are passive the process of learning to speak
C) are born cooperative
D) learn to speak by listening
64. From the passage we learn that _______-
A) early starters can learn to speak within only six months
B) children show a strong desire to communicate by making noises
C) imitation plays an important role in learning to speak
D) children have various difficulties in learning to speak
65. The best title for this passage would be _______.
A) How Babies Learn to Speak
B) Early Forms of Language
C) A Huge Task for Children
D) Noise Making and Language Learning
Passage Four
Questions 66 to 70 are based on the following passage:
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study there relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others. The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary rewards sparks creativity in grade-school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. "If kids know theyre working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity," say Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. "But its easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards." A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing grades. In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.
66. Psychologists are divided with regard to their attitudes toward ______.
A) the choice between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewards
B) the amount of monetary rewards for student creativity
C) the study of relationship between actions and their consequences
D) the effects of external rewards on students performance
67. What is the response of many educators the external rewards for their students?
A) They have no doubts about them.
B) They have doubts about them.
C) They approve of them.
D) They avoid talking about them.
68. Which of the following can best raise students creativity according to Robert Eisenberger?
A) Assigning them tasks they have not dealt with before.
B) Assigning them tasks which require inventiveness.
C) Giving them rewards they really deserve.
D) Giving them rew
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