A） the introduction of new technologies B）
C） the improvement of workers' basic skills D）
E） the rational composition of professional and managerial employees F）
G） the attachment of importance to the bottom half of the employees H）
30. what is the main idea of the passage？
A） American firms are different from Japanese and German firms in human-resource management. B）
C） Extensive retraining is indispensable to effective human-resource management. D）
E） The head of human-resource management must be in the central position in firm's hierarchy. F）
G） The human-resource management strategies of American firms affect their competitive capacity. H）
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage：
The biographer has to dance between two shaky positions with respect to the subject（研究对象）。 Too close a relation， and the writer may lose objectivity. Not close enough. And the writer may lock the sympathy necessary to any effort to portray a mind， a soul-the quality of life. Who should write the biography of a family， for example？ Because of their closeness to the subject， family members may have special information， but by the same token， they may not have the distance that would allow them to be fair. The biographies of Jesus （耶稣）found in the Bible are in this class.
Biographers may claim that their account is the “authentic” one. In advancing this claim， they are helped if the biography is “authorized” by the subject； this presumably allows the biographer special accesss to private information. “Unauthorized” biographies also have their appeal， however， since they can suggest an independence of mind in the biographer. In book promotions， the “unauthorized” characterisation usually suggests the prospect of juicy gossip that the subject had hoped to suppress. A subject might have several biographies， even several “authentic” ones. We sense intuitively that no one is in a position to tell “the” story of a life， perhaps not even the subject， and this has been proved by the history of biography.
31. According to the author， and ideal biographer would be one who __________.
A） knows the subject very well and yet maintains a proper distance from him B）
C） is close to the subject and knows the techniques of biography writing. D）
E） Is independent and treat the subject with fainesss and objectivity. F）
G） Possesses special private information and is sympathetic toward the subject. H）
32. the author cites the biographies of Jesus in the Bible in order to show that _________.
A） the best biographies are meant to transform their readers B）
C） biographies are authentic accounts of their subjects' lives D）
E） the best biographies are those of heroes and famous figures F）
G） biographies can serve different purposes. H）
33. Which of the following statements if true， according to the passage？
A） An authentic biography seldom appeals to its readers. B）
C） An authentic biography is one authorized by the subject. D）
E） No one can write a perfect biography. F）
G） Authorized biographies have a wider readership. H）
34. An unauthorised biography is likely to attract more readers because __________.
A） it portrays the subject both faithfully and vividly. B）
C） It contains interesting information about the subject's private life D）
E） It reveals a lot of accurate details unknown to outsiders F）
G） It usually gives sympathetic decription of the subject's character. H）
35. in this passage， the author focuses on __________.
A） the difficulty of a biographer in finding the proper perspective to do his job. B）
C） The secret of a biographer to win more readers. D）
E） The techniques required of a biographer to write a good biography F）
G） The characteristics of different kinds of biographies. H）
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage：
Whether the eyes are “the windows of the soul” is debatable； that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a fact. During the first two months of a baby's life， the stimulus that produces a smile is a pair of eyes. The eyes need not be real： a mask with two dots will produce a smile. Significantly， a real human face with eyes covered will not motivate a smile， nor will the sight of only one eye when the face is presented in profile. This attraction to eyes as opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby matures. In one study， when American four-year-olds were asked to draw pe
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