新东方大学英语四级(CET-4)模拟试卷
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic My View on My Further Study. You should write no less than 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1、继续学习（如读研）是我们常讨论的一个话题
2、优先选学校还是优先选专业对部分学生来说是一个问题
3、我的看法
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.
For questions 1-7, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Stress and Anxiety
Stress can come from any situation or thought that makes you feel frustrated, angry, or anxious. What is stressful to one person is not necessarily stressful to another.
Anxiety is a feeling of apprehension or fear. The source of this uneasiness is not always known or recognized, which can add to the distress you feel.
Considerations
Stress is a normal part of life. In small quantities, stress is good -- it can motivate you and help you be more productive. However, too much stress, or a strong response to stress, is harmful. It can set you up for general poor health as well as specific physical or psychological illnesses like infection, heart disease, or depression. Persistent and never-ceasing stress often leads to anxiety and unhealthy behaviors like overeating and abuse of alcohol or drugs.
Emotional states like grief or depression and health conditions like an overactive thyroid（甲状腺）, low blood sugar, or heart attack can also cause stress.
Anxiety is often accompanied by physical symptoms, including:
Twitching or trembling
Muscle tension, headaches
Sweating
Dry mouth, difficulty swallowing
Abdominal pain (may be the only symptom of stress, especially in a child)
Sometimes other symptoms accompany anxiety:
Dizziness
Rapid or irregular heart rate
Rapid breathing
Diarrhea（腹泻） or frequent need to urinate
Fatigue
Irritability, including loss of your temper
Sleeping difficulties and nightmares
Decreased concentration
Sexual problems
Anxiety disorders are a group of psychiatric conditions that involve excessive anxiety. They include generalized anxiety disorder, specific phobias（恐惧症）, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and social phobia.
Common Causes
Certain drugs, both recreational and medicinal, can lead to symptoms of anxiety due to either side effects or withdrawal from the drug. Such drugs include caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cold remedies, decongestants, bronchodilators for asthma, tricyclic antidepressants, cocaine, amphetamines, diet pills, ADHD medications, and thyroid medications.
A poor diet -- for example, low levels of vitamin B12 -- can also contribute to stress or anxiety. Performance anxiety is related to specific situations, like taking a test or making a presentation in public. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) develops after a traumatic（外伤的） event like war, physical or sexual assault, or a natural disaster. People with generalized anxiety disorder experience almost constant worry or anxiety about many things on more than half of all days for 6 months. Panic disorder or panic attacks involve sudden and unexplained fear, rapid breathing, and increased heartbeat.
In very rare cases, a tumor of the adrenal gland (肾上腺) may be the cause of anxiety. The symptoms are caused by an overproduction of hormones responsible for the feelings of anxiety.
Home Care
The most effective solution is to find and address the source of your stress or anxiety. Unfortunately, this is not always possible. The first step is to keep a record of what you think might be making you "stress out":
What do you worry about most?
Is something constantly on your mind?
Does anything in particular make you sad or depressed?
Keep a diary of the experiences and thoughts that seem to be related to your anxiety. Are your thoughts adding to your anxiety in these situations?
Then, find someone you trust (friend, family member, neighbor, clergy) who will listen to you. Often, just talking to a friend or loved one is all that is needed to relieve anxiety. Most communities also have support groups and hotlines that can help. Social workers, psychologists, and other mental health professionals may be needed for therapy and medication.
Also, find healthy ways to cope with stress. For example:
Eat a well-balanced, healthy diet. Don't overeat.
Get enough sleep.
Exercise regularly.
Limit caffeine and alcohol.
Don't use nicotine, cocaine, or other recreational drugs.
Learn and practice relaxation techniques like guided imagery, progressive muscle relaxation, yoga, tai chi, or meditation. Try biofeedback, using a certified professional to get you started.
Take breaks from work. Make sure to balance fun activities with your responsibilities. Spend time with people you enjoy.
Find self-help books at your local library or bookstore.
Call your health care provider if
Your doctor can help you determine if your anxiety would be best evaluated and treated by a mental health care professional.
Call 911 if:
You have crushing chest pain, especially with shortness of breath, dizziness, or sweating. A heart attack can cause feelings of anxiety.
You have thoughts of suicide.
You have dizziness, rapid breathing, or racing heartbeat for the first time or it is worse than usual.
Call your health care provider if:
You are unable to work or function properly at home because of anxiety.
You do not know the source or cause of your anxiety.
You have a sudden feeling of panic.
You have an uncontrollable fear -- for example, of getting infected and sick if you are out, or a fear of heights.
You repeat an action over and over again, like constantly washing your hands.
You have an intolerance to heat, weight loss despite a good appetite, lump or swelling in the front of your neck, or protruding eyes. Your thyroid may be overactive.
Your anxiety is elicited by the memory of a traumatic event.
You have tried self-care for several weeks without success or you feel that your anxiety will not resolve without professional help.
Ask your pharmacist（药剂师） or health care provider if any prescription or over-the-counter drugs you are taking can cause anxiety as a side effect. Do not stop taking any prescribed medicines without your provider's instructions.
What to expect at your health care provider's office
Your doctor will take a medical history and perform a physical examination, paying close attention to your pulse, blood pressure, and respiratory rate.
To help better understand your anxiety, stress, or tension, your doctor may ask the following:
When did your feelings of stress, tension, or anxiety begin? Do you attribute the feelings to anything in particular like an event in your life or a circumstance that scares you?
Do you have physical symptoms along with your feelings of anxiety? What are they?
Does anything make your anxiety better?
Does anything make your anxiety worse?
What medications are you taking?
Diagnostic tests may include blood tests (CBC, thyroid function tests) as well as an electrocardiogram (ECG)（心电图）.
If the anxiety is not accompanied by any worrisome physical signs and symptoms, a referral to a mental health care professional may be recommended for appropriate treatment.
Psychotherapy such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) （认知行为疗法）has been shown to significantly decrease anxiety. In some cases, medications such as benzodiazepines or antidepressants may be appropriate.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
1. The causes of anxiety can be easily traced with the help of a psychologist.
2. Without a firm control, stress will frustrate your life in any case.
3. Many unwelcome changes in bodily function usually go side by side with anxiety.
4. Stress or anxiety can sometimes be attributed to an unbalanced diet.
5. The first step to relieve stress or anxiety without seeking professional advice is to ask for the family members’ or friends’ help.
6. Dial 911 immediately after you have an unhealthy emotional state.
7. You need to follow your health care provider’s instructions on whether to go on taking the prescribed medicines even if they can lead to anxiety.
8. A health care provider is necessary if he can recommend whether ____________ be needed to help you out of anxiety.
9. You will have ________ at your health care provider’s office, which mainly focus on blood tests (CBC, thyroid function tests) and an electrocardiogram (ECG).
10. An effective way to ease anxiety is known as __________ with cognitive –behavioral therapy (CBT) as one example.
Part III Listing Comprehension (35 minutes)
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