rests on the fallacy of the inherent laziness in human nature, actually, aside from abnormally lazy
people, there would be very few who would not want to earn more than the minimum, and who
would prefer to do nothing rather than work.
However, the suspicions against a system of guaranteed subsistence minimum are not
groundless, from the standpoint of those who want to use ownership of capital for the purpose of
forcing others to accept the work conditions they offer. If nobody were forced to accept work in
order not to starve, work would have to be sufficiently interesting and attractive to induce one to
accept it. Freedom of contract is possible only if both parties are free to accept and reject it;in
the present capitalist system this is not the case.
But such a system would not only be the beginning of real freedom of contract between
employers and employees, its principal advantage would be the improvement of freedom in inter~
personal relationships in every sphere of daily life.
26. People used to think that poverty and unemployment were due to
A) the slow development of the economy
B) the poor and jobless people's own faults
C) the lack of responsibility on the part of society
D) the large number of people who were not well - educated
27. Now it is widely accepted that
A) the present system of social insurance should be improved
B) everybody should be granted a minimum of subsistence without any "reason"
C) everybody has the right to share in the wealth of the country
D) people have to change their attitude towards the poor
28. The writer argues that a system of social insurance should
A) provide benefits for the sick, old and unemployed
B) encourage people to take on more social obligations
C) guarantee everyone the right to be employed
D) provide everyone with the right to a minimum subsistence for a certain period
29. The word "fallacy" (Para. 2. L. 6) means
A) doubt B) fact
C) strong argument D) wrong belief
30. According to the writer, a system of guaranteed subsistence minimum
A) demands too much from society
B) makes freedom of contract impossible
C) helps people take interest in their work
D) helps bring about changes in the relationship among people
Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
The newborn can see the difference between varius shapes and patterns from birth. He
prefers patterns to dull or bright solid colors and looks longer at stripes and angles than at circu-
lar patterns. Within three weeks, however, his preference shifts dramatically to the human face.
Why should a baby with so little visual experience attend more to a human face than to any oth-
er kind of pattern'? Some scientists think this preference represents a built in advantage for the
human species. The object of prime importance to the physically helpless infant is a human be-
ing. Babies seem to have a natural tendency to the human face as potentially rewarding. Re-
searchers also point out that the newborn wisely relies more on pattern than on outling size, or
color. Pattern remains stable, while outline changes with point of view; size, with distance from
an object;and brightness and color, with lighting.
Mothers have always claimed that they could see their newborns looking at them as they
held them, despite what they have been told. The experts who thought that perception(知觉)
had to await physical development and the consequence of action were wrong for several rea-
sons. Earlier research techniques were less sophisticated than they are today. Physical skills were
once used to indicate perception of objects - skills like visual tracking and reaching for an ob-
ject, both of which the newborn does poorly. Then, too, assumptions that the newborn' s eye and
brain were too immature for anything as sophisticated as pattern recognition caused opposing
data to be thrown away. Since perception of form was widely believed to follow perception of
more "basic" qualities such as color and brightness, the possibility of its presence from birth was
rejected.
31. What does a newborn baby like to see most'?
A) Bright color
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