National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS Candidates (NETEM)
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are 1 the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer’s piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives. This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer, that there is a(n) 4 in not being too terrifically bright。
Intelligence, it 5 , is a highpriced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning—a (an) 7 process—instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to 8 。
Is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence? That’s the question behind this new research. I like it. Instead of casting a wistful glance10at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.wise, it implicitly asks what the real 11of our own intelligence might be. This is12the mind of every animal we’ve ever met。
Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would13on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, 14, is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. We believe that15animals ran the labs, they would test us to16the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really17, not merely how much of it there is.18, they would hope to study a19question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in?20 the results are inconclusive。
1.［A］Suppose［B］Consider［C］Observe［D］Imagine
2.［A］tended［B］ feared［C］happened［D］threatened
3.［A］thinner［B］ stabler［C］lighter［D］dimmer
4.［A］tendency［B］advantage［C］inclination［D］priority
5.［A］insists on［B］sums up［C］turns out［D］puts forward
6.［A］off［B］behind［C］over［D］along
7.［A］incredible［B］spontaneous［C］inevitable［D］gradual
8.［A］fight［B］doubt［C］stop［D］think
9.［A］invisible［B］limited［C］indefinite［D］different
10.［A］upward［B］forward［C］afterward［D］backward
11.［A］features［B］influences［C］results［D］costs
12.［A］outside［B］on［C］by［D］across
13.［A］deliver［B］carry［C］perform［D］apply
14.［A］by chance［B］in contrast［C］as usual［D］for instance
15.［A］if［B］unless［C］as［D］lest
16.［A］moderate［B］overcome［C］determine［D］reach
17.［A］at［B］for［C］after［D］with
18.［A］Above all［B］After all［C］However［D］Otherwise
19.［A］fundamental［B］comprehensive［C］equivalent［D］hostile
20.［A］By accident［B］ In time［C］So far［D］Better still
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on autopilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the everchanging 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative implication。
So it seems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks。
Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits. In fact, the more new things we try—the more we step outside our comfort zone—the more inherently creative we become, both in the workplace and in our personal lives。
But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads。
“The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of The Open Mind . “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider.’ ” She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities。”
All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware, she says. Researchers in the late 1960s discovered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At the end of adolescence, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life。
The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. “This breaks the major rule in the American belief system—that anyone can do anything,” explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book This Year I Will... and Ms. Markova’s business partner. “That’s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence。” This is where developing new habits comes in。
21.In Wordsworth’s view，“habits” is characterized by being
［A］casual.［B］ familiar.［C］ mechanical.［D］changeable。
22.Brain researchers have di
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